science ch 4

ability to do work and change matter

SI unit for energy

Light =

energy from motion or forces that affect a whole object

equation that states the relationship between matter

energy of a entire object moving

four factors that affect rotational kinetic energy

energy associated with the position of a object and the forces upon the object

Four fundamental forces

an attractive force between all material objects

affects certain subatomic particles

electricity and magnetism are two different manifestations of the

strongest fundamental force acts only within the nuclei of atoms

internal energy of an object due to the random motions of its individual molecules

3 factors effecting thermal energy

transfer o thermal energy from an object of higher temperature to an object of lower temperature

amount of heat needed to change its temperature by a certain amount

what does Δ mean

device designed to measure the heat involved in physical and chemical changes

three ways heat is transferred

device that automatically regulates temperature

transfer of heat between objects in direct contact

name for the amount of disorder in a system

what is the amount of heat required to change a given amount of liquid already at its boiling point into a gas without a change in temperature

formula for melting point

liquids that evaporate quickly

nonvolatile solutes raise the boiling temperature

the pressure that must be exerted by the vapor the vapor an liquid to be in equilibrium at a given temperature

energy gained or lost by a systems equal to the energy lost or gained by its surroundings

when the liquid state is skipped and the substance changes directly into gas

state of matter in which atoms break down into charged particles