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What are the four muscles of mastication
masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, and lateral pterygoid muscles
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The masticator space is a general term used to
include the entire area of the mandible and muscles of mastication
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The muscles of mastication are responsible for
closing the jaws, moving the lower jaw forward or backward, and shifting the lower jaw to one side
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These muscles of mastication work with the _______ to accomplish these movements of the mandible
temporomandibular joint
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All the muscles of mastication are innervated by the
the fifth cranial or trigeminal nerve
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What muscle is the most superficial and one of the strongest
Masseter muscle
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The what two muscles of mastication has two heads
- masseter muscle and medial pterygoid muscle
- superficial and deep
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Both heads of the masseter muscle originate from ______ and insert on ______
- from the zygomatic arch but from differing areas
- The deep part is partly concealed by the superficial part
- the external surface of the mandible
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Contraction of the masseter muscle
- elevate the mandible, raising the lower jaw
- (closes the mouth)
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- 1 Deep head of masseter
- 2 Ramus of mandible
- 3 Zygomatic arch
- 4 Superficial head of the masseter
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_______fills the temporal fossa, superior to the zygomatic arch
The temporalis muscle
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Where does the temporalis muscle originate
the entire temporal fossa on the temporal bone
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The temporalis muscles inserts onto
coronoid process of the mandible at the border of the ramus
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What action does the entire temporalis muscle perform
elevate the mandible, raising the lower jaw
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If the posterior portion of the temporalis muscle contracts what does that do
- the muscle moves the lower jaw backward
- Moving the lower jaw backward causes retraction of the mandible
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- 1 Inferior temporal line
- 2 Temporalis
- 3 Coronoid process of mandible
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The larger head of the medial pterygoid muscle originates from the
the lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone
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The smaller superficial head of the medial pterygoid muscle originates from the
palatine bone and maxillary tuberosity of the maxilla
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Both heads of the medial pterygoid muscle pass ______, _______, and _______ to insert on the
- inferior, posterior and lateral
- medial surface of the ramus and angle of the mandible
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The function of the medial pterygoid muscle is to
elevates the mandible, raising the lower jaw
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The lateral pterygoid muscle is located _____ to the medial pterygoid
superior
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The entire mass of the lateral pterygoid muscle lies
within the infratemporal fossa, deep to the temporalis muscle
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The superior head of the lateral pterygoid muscle originates from
the greater wing of the sphenoid bone and passes inferiorly to insert on the temporomandibular joint disc and capsule
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The inferior head of the lateral pterygoid muscle originates from
the lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone and inserts on the condyle of the mandible
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The pterygomandibular space is formed by the
lateral pterygoid muscle, medial pterygoid muscle and the mandibular ramus
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The function of the lateral pterygoid is to
- assists in depressing the mandible
- protrusion of the mandible when both muscles contract
- lateral deviation of the mandible if only one muscle is contracted
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What are the two categories of hyoid muscles
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Name the anterior suprahyoid muscles
- the anterior belly of the digastric
- the mylohyoid
- and the geniohyoid
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Name the posterior suprahyoid muscles
the posterior belly of the digastric and stylohyoid
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The hyoid muscles assist in
the actions of mastication and swallowing through their attachment to the hyoid bone
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Both groups of hyoid muscles (suprahyoid and infrahyoid) are attached to
the hyoid bone
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The anterior and posterior belly of the digastric muscle are separated by a
loop-like tendon in the center
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The digastric muscles runs from the
mastoid process (temporal bone) down and forward to hyoid and from there up to inferior surface of mandible
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The anterior belly of the digastric muscle is innervated by the
fifth cranial nerve (trigeminal nerve)
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The posterior belly of the digastric muscle is innervated by
the seventh cranial (facial nerve)
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The mylohyoid muscle form the _______ and helps _______and originates on _______
- floor of the mouth and helps elevate the tongue
- either side of mandible and inserts on hyoid
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Midline fusion of the mylohyoid muscle is called the
raphe
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The mylohyoid muscle is innervated by
the fifth cranial nerve (trigeminal nerve)
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The stylohyoid muscle originates and inserts ______
originates on styloid process and inserts on hyoid
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The stylohyoid muscle is innervated by
a branch of the seventh cranial nerve (facial nerve).
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What is the function of the stylohyoid muscle
Pulls hyoid bone back and up
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The geniohyoid muscle is innervated by
the first cervical nerve (spinal nerve) which is conducted by way of the twelfth cranial or hypoglossal nerve
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What is the function of the geniohyoid muscle
Aids in depressing mandible
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Where does the geniohyoid muscle originate and inserted
- It originates from the medial surface of the mandible, near the mandibular symphysis at the genial tubercles, with both muscles in contact with each other.
- It then passes posteriorly and inferiorly to insert on the body of the hyoid bone
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Name the infrahyoid muscles
- sternohyoid
- sternothyroid
- thyrohyoid
- and omohyoid muscles
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All the infrahyoid muscles are innervated by
the second and third cervical nerves
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What is the function of most of the infrahyoid muscles
depress the hyoid bone
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The sternothyroid muscle originates from the ______ and inserts on the ______
- the sternum
- thyroid cartilage
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The function of the sternothyroid muscle is to
pull the larynx down
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The sternohyoid muscle runs from ____ to____
sternum up to hyoid
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What is the function of the sternohyoid muscle
pull hyoid down
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The two bellies of the Omohyoid are separated by
tendon
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The Omohyoid muscle originates ____ and inserts ____
on scapula and inserts on hyoid
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The function of the Omohyoid muscle is to
Pulls hyoid down
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The thyrohyoid originates on the _____ and inserts ____
thyroid cartilage and inserts the hyoid bone; it appears as a continuation of the sternothyroid
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What is the function of the thyrohyoid muscle
In addition to depressing the hyoid bone, it raises the thyroid cartilage and larynx
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