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Key Word: Vulnerable to criticism is a
Flaw
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Key word: Questionable because, is a
flaw
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key word: error of reasoning is a
flaw
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key word: fails to demonstrated is a
flaw
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task: tend to ask what is the mistake or the assumption or causation (A caused B or B --> A)
Flaw
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Task: the answer will describe th assumption or conclusions problem
flaw
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task: find the disconnects btw the evidence & the conclusion, and the classic errors
flaw
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key word: strengthen is a
strengthen
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key word: most strongly supports the author is a
strengthen
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key word: Justify is a
strengthen
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task: support the assumption is a
strengthen
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task: the answer will help strengthen Except questions, wont just weaken it, it can also be a 180/ out of scope/ etc
strengthen
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task: find the answer that makes the conclusion more likely to follow from the evidence
strengthen
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key word: must be true is an
inference
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key word: Logically follows is an
inference
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key word: can be inferred is an
inference
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key word: which of the following is most strongly supported is an
inference
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key word: the information/ statement above is an
inference
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task: need to use the text in the answer
inference
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task: need to use all evidence
inference
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task: know what they are talking about in the text to find the answer
inference
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task: determine what must be true. Look for connections. Dont try to predict of connect dots
inference
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key word: Explain is a
paradox
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key word: reconcile is a
paradox
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key word: resolve is a
paradox
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key word: Seeming is a
paradox
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key word: inconsistency is a
paradox
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key word: Unusual result is a
paradox
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key word: contradiction is a
paradox
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key word: discrepency is a
paradox
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key word: paradox is a
paradox
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task: all evidence is used to solve the riddle in the argument
paradox
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task: identify and interpret the riddle to find the answer
paradox
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task: DO NOT connect dots
paradox
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task: look for the answer that eliminates the mystery, that makes the argument consistent
paradox
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key word: main point is
main point
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key word: conclusion is required for
main point
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task: the correct answer takes the scope of the whole stimulus into account and satisfies the why test to find the answer
main point
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key word: Responds to...by, is a
method of argument
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key wood: the argument proceecds by
method of argument
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key word: strategically is
method of argument
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key word: an Argument Method is
Method of Argument
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key word: an Argument is
method of argument
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key word: Technique is
Method of Argument
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key word: What role does...
Method or argument
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task: Need to consider the whole argument as well as using conclusion & evidence and the why test to find the answer
method of argument
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task: paraphrase the argument into abstract terms
method of argument
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key word: ex- A & B disagree over
point at issue
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key word: point at issue between is
point at issue
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key word: a dispute is
point at issue
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task: know what they are fighting about...the answer will have 1 yes & 1 no
point at issue
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task: Use the why test on both statements that will be fighting on the conclusion & evidence
point at issue
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task: stay within the scope of both speakers
point at issue
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key word: a principle is
principle
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key word: a proposition is
principle
-
key word: justifies is a
principle , it will have the rules on the bottom
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task: rule may be above & the answer has to follow the text
principle
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task: if the principle is below, you should use
the why test (principle)
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task: if can strenthen the argument
principle
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task: If --> Then will watch the formal logic or contra
principle
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task: look for a 1:1 match of all salient elements btw the principle and real life
principle
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key words: roles pertains to
role of statement
-
task: what role does it play? (Remember to use conclusion & evidence)
role of statement
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key word: Undermines is a
weaken
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key word: most weakens is a
weaken
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key word: calls into question
weaken
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task: attack the assumption
weaken
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task: a Causual can be- the causal is reversed/ alternative cause/ connections btw the two (remember to open your scope on your idea on the scope)
weaken
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task: find the answer that makes the conclusion less likly to follow from the evidence
weaken
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key word: parallel to is
parallel reasoning
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key word: most similar to is
parallel reasoning
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key word: pattern of reasoning is
parallel reasoning
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task: parallel flaw will contain flaws in questions & answers and will have the SAME flaw
parallel reasoning
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task: short cuts- same type of conlusion, do not compare them
parallel reasoning
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task: compare part or all of the stimulus to the choices
parallel reasoning
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key word: assumed is
assumption
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key word: assumption is
assumption
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key word: presuppose is
assumption
-
key word: vulnerable to criticism is
assumption
-
task: the answer will have the conclusion
assumption
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task: any unstated fact that MUST BE true
assumption
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task: NECESSARY has 1 central assumption with key words
depends & require (assumption)
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task: SUFFICIENT: will have how many assumptions
2-3 assumptions
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task: BRIDGE the gap btw the evidence & the conclusion
assumption
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