What is the volume (in liters) of the total body water?
40 liters
What is the volume of extracellular fluid (in liters)? Intracellular fluid?
Extracellular - 15 L
Intracellular - 25 L
What is the volume (in liters) of interstitial fluid? Blood?
Interstital fluid - 10 L
Blood - 5 L
Name 5 properties of water
1) Polar
2) Good solvent for hydrophilic molecules
3) High heat capacity
4) high heat of evaporation
5) high dialectric constant
What is the shape of a water molecule?
Tetrahedral
What allows water to form hydrogen bonds?
Its dipolar nature
What secondary protein structures are hydrogen bonds involved in?
Alpha Helix
Beta Sheets
What is a hydrophobic interaction?
When hydrophobic molecules are placed together in a polar solvent they will congregate due to entropic reactions.
What does it mean to be amphipathic?
When molecules have both hydrophobic and hydrophillic regions. Ex - fatty acid
What has a hydrophobic core and a hydrophilic charged surface?
Micelle
What part of a plasma membrane would an intergral membrane proteins have hydrophobic interactions with? Hydrophilic?
Hydrophobic - area within the lipid membrance
Hydrophillic - the area in the cytosol and cytoplasm
What happens to the strength of the ionic bonds when ions are put in a polar solution?
The strength decreases. The dialectric constant goes up with polarity thus the force goes down.
What is a van der waals force?
Locally induced dipoles by migrating charged particles that causes transient interactions between molecules. The balance between + and - dipoles result in a maximum contact distance for the forces.
What is a strong chemical reaction?
Carbon bonds
Covalent bonds
What are some examples of weak chemical reactions?
Hydrogen bonds
Hydrophobic interactions
ionic interactions, van der waals
What maintains the body's pH??
Lungs dispose of CO2
Buffers ex - bicarbonate
Kidneys excrete ammonium and phosphate
What does the strength of an acid depend on?
pKa
Which dissociate more - strong acids or weak acids?
strong acids
What is the concentration of H+ and bicarbonate in the body? What is Kw?
H+ - 10-7Bicarbonate - 10-7Kw - 10-14
What is the pH equation?
pH = -log(H+)
What is Kd?
Kd is the dissassociation constant of acid. (products / reactants). The higher the Kd the stronger the acid.
What is pKa?
-log(Ka), where Ka is the diassociation constant of the acid
What controls the pH in the body primarily?
The carbonic anhydrase reaction in the lungs
What is the point on a titration curve where the acid is equivalent to the base?
pKa
Do acids or bases have a higher pKa?
Bases
in a polyprotic acid titration curve what is the point of electroneutrality called?
pI
What is the henderson-hasselbach equation?
pH-pK + log (base / acid)
What is the henderson hasselbach equation for the bicarbonate buffer system?