Chp 4 Development of the face and neck

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What embryonic layers are involved in facial development

All three
What five facial processes are involved in facial development
- Frontonasal process
- Maxillary (paired)
- Mandibular (paired)
The upper portion of the face is formed from what process

Frontonasal
The middle portion of the face is formed from what process

Maxillary
The lower portion of the face is formed from what process

Mandibular
During what weeks does facial development begin and end

Begins in the 4th week and completes in the 12th
Most facial tissues develop by

fusion of swellings of tissues on the same surface of the embryo
Around the 5th week how are the facial grooves eliminated

underlying mesenchymal tissues (mesoderm) growing up into the groove, making the surface smooth
The oropharyngeal membrane separates the _______ from the _______
- stomodeum
- primitive pharynx
Foregut

The beginning of the digestive tract
The most cranial part of the foregut

The primitive pharynx
What is the first event in the development of the face in the 4th week

disintegration of the oropharyngeal membrane
The mandibular processes consist of

core of mesenchyme (mesoderm) formed in part by neural crest cells and covered externally by ectoderm and internally by endoderm
The mandibular arch is also considered the

first branchial arch
Cartilage formed on each side of the mandibular forming arch

Meckel's cartilage
A portion of Meckel’s cartilage participates

in formation of the middle ear bones (incus and malleus).
The mesoderm of the mandibular arch forms the

muscles of mastication
The muscles of mastication are innervated by

the fifth cranial nerve or trigeminal nerve
Four muscles of mastication
- masseter
- medial and lateral pterygoids
- temporalis
Where do the maxillary processes originate from

Swellings from the mandibular arch during the 5th week that grow superior and anterior to the stomodeum
The maxillary process will come to form the
- the upper lip
- cheeks
- secondary palate
- posterior portion of the maxilla
- zygomatic bones
- portions of the temporal bone
The maxillary process forms the _______ and _______ teeth
- maxillary canines
- posterior teeth
The frontonasal process will come to form
- THE FOREHEAD
- BRIDGE OF THE NOSE
- THE PRIMARY PALATE
- AND THE NASAL SEPTUM
What are placodes and what do they form
- Specialized thickening ectodermal tissue
- They form the eyes, nose and ears
The medial nasal processes come from the ______ and Externally form the _______&________
- frontonasal process
- middle portion of the nose and philtrum
The medial nasal processes fuse internally to form the

intermaxillary segment or premaxilla or primary palate
What regions are associated with the Internal fusion of the medial nasal processes
- the maxillary incisor teeth
- primary palate
- nasal septum
What processes come from the frontonasal process
- Medial nasal process
- Lateral nasal process
What do the lateral nasal processes form

The alae or sides of the nose
The nares or nostrils are formed by the fusion of the ______ and ______ processes

lateral and medial nasal processes
The upper lip is formed by the fusion of the _____ and _____ processes

maxillary (sides) and medial nasal (middle)
Fusion of the upper lip is completed by the

6th week
How often does cleft lip occur
- 1 in 1000 births
- Boys more than girls
How does a cleft lip occur

failure of the mesenchyme to grow beneath the ectoderm to obliterate any grooves between these processes
The labial commissures are formed by the fusion of the ______ and _______ processes

maxillary and mandibular
The development of the neck occurs in the

4th week
The neck and its associated tissues develop from

the primitive pharynx and the branchial apparatus
The foregut is originally derives from the ______ layer

endoderm
The second brachial arch is also known as the

hyoid arch
Cartilage formed in the second branchial arch

Reichert’s cartilage
Parts of Reichert’s cartilage are responsible for

middle ear bone, a process of the temporal bone and portions of the hyoid bone.
The mesoderm of the hyoid (2nd) arches helps form

the muscles of facial expression
Muscles of facial expression are innervated by

the seventh cranial nerve, the facial nerve
The unnamed cartilage from the third branchial arch forms

parts of the hyoid bone
The mesoderm of the third branchial arches helps form

The pharyngeal muscle
The pharyngeal muscle is innervated by the

ninth cranial nerve, the glossopharyngeal nerve
The fifth branchial arch is

absent in humans
The unnamed cartilage from the 4th and 6th branchial arches forms the

laryngeal cartilages
The mesoderm from the 4th and 6th arches form

the muscles associated with the pharynx and larynx
The 4th and 6th arches are innervated by

tenth cranial nerve, the vagus nerve
Between the branchial arches are the

branchial grooves or pharyngeal grooves
The thyroid develops from the

endoderm of the foramen cecum
Four pharyngeal pouches develop from

the endoderm lining the walls of the pharynx
The first branchial groove deepens to become

the external auditory canal leading to the inner ear
The first pharyngeal pouch gives way to the

The middle ear and eustacian tube
The second pharyngeal pouch becomes the

palatine tonsils
The third pharyngeal pouch becomes

the parathyroid and thymus glands
The fourth pharyngeal pouch becomes

superior parathyroid glands

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Chp 4 Development of the face and neck

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Chp 4 Development of the face and neck

Updated

2018-01-17T14:04:40Z

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