Test 1

• - Oronasopharynx
• - Pharynx
• - Larynx

• Trachea
• ◦ Bronchi
• ◦ Bronchioles
• ◦ Alveoli

• RSV
• ◦ β- hemolytic streptococci
• ◦ Staphylococci
• ◦ Haemophilus influenzae
• ◦ Chlamydia trachomatis
• ◦ Mycoplasma

• RSV - only those who qualify
• H Influenzae

• - smaller in children
• - is shorter
• - middle ear

• Poor nutrition
• Anemia
• Fatigue
• Asthma
• Allergies
• Cardiac anomalies
• Cystic Fibrosis

Chest wall is thinner, infant chest is rounded,>2yrs becomes more oval, head and chestcircumference are about equal until 1 year ofage. Infants and young children are abdominalbreathers.

• Used to evaluate chest movement, respiratory effort, deformities, tactile fremitus
• ◦ Increased fremitus?◦ Decreased fremitus?

• Use an infant or pediatric stethoscope
• ◦ Compare sounds between sides
• ◦ Listen to an entire inspiratory and expiratory phase

• - drainage from the ears
• - patent w/out flaring
• - pink and moist, no excessive d/c
• -moist and pink
• - barely visible or prominent
• - more round, transverse to AP 2:1 by childhood

• - symetrical, no retractions
• - irregular is common
• - abdominal
• - harsher
• - lung fields

• - clear and crisp
• - common
• - brachial, temporal and femoral pulses full
• - pluse locations and finding same as adult

• - pneumothorax or airway obstruction
• - air passing through watery secretions in small airways
• - air passing through thick secretions in bronchi and trachea

• - results from air moving throughnarrowed trachea and larynx
• - results from passage of airthrough mucus or fluids in a narrowedlower airway
• -suggests inflammation

• Earache
• Respirations > 50-60- (never a good sign)
• Fever > 101 degrees
• Listlessness
• confusion
• Irritability/ crying
• Persistent cough/ wheezing
• Refusal to take fluids

• Positioning
• Airway patency
• Oxygen administration
• Calm, quiet environment
• Coughing
• Incentive spirometry
• CPT

• Tachypnea/Inc HR
• ◦ Retractions
• ◦ Nasal Flaring
• ◦ Grunting
• Stridor◦
• Seesaw resp
• ◦ Diminished breathsounds
• ◦ PaO2 less than 50
• ◦ PCO2 above 60
• ◦ Restlessness
• ◦ Fatigue

• ◦ Cyanosis
• ◦ Bradycardia
• ◦ Bradypnea
• Low Blood pressure
• confusion

• Recognize prior knowledge
• include the parents and the child
• Use concrete words
• Provide teaching to child based ondevelopmental age (when?)
• Explain what child will feel, see, hear, smell and touch
• be honest

• Avoid delays, set the room up before childgets there
• not done in patient room
• Be confident that the child can besuccessful and do well
• Involve the child
• Provide distraction
• Allow expression of feelings

• Encourage expression of feelings
• Positive reinforcement- (whether theywere good or not!)

• - TB and RSV
• - swab tonsils and pharynx
• - xRay
• - of chest - with or without contrast
• - other lab test

• - with nebulizer, sometimesliquid form used po
• - heart rate very closely
• - SBAR
• - palpitations, tremors, insomnia,nervousness, HA

• - at least three hours
• - subglottic edema
• - heart rate

• - as a syrup: Pediapredor Orapred
• - inflammation in lungs
• - mood changes, seizures, hyperglycemia,GI bleeding
• - slowly, watch for increased healing time, cushingoid effects

• - IV
• - inflammation in lungs
• - HTN, hyperglycemia, Cushingsyndrome, GI bleeding
• - slowly, watch for increased healingtime, cushingoid effects

• - amount of O2 in bloodstream
• - vasodilator
• - COPD, sickle cell anemia
• - convulsions, difficultybreathing, chest pain
• - effect of oxygen

• - bronchial smooth muscle,
• - bronchospasms
• - nebulizer
• - dizziness, nervousness, tachycardia,increased cough
• - with other bronchodilators or epi
• - effect canlast up to 8 hours