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Bacteriuria
condition that occurs when bacteria enter the bladder during catheterization, or when organisms migrate up the catheter lumen or the urethra into the bladder; bacteria in the urine
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Enuresis
involuntary urination; most often used to refer to a child who involuntarily urinates during the night
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External condom catheter
an alternative to an indwelling catheter, soft, pliable sheath made of silicone material is applied externally to the penis
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Functional incontinence
state in which a person experiences an involuntary, unpredictable passage of urine
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Hematuria
blood in the urine; if present in large enough quantities, urine may be bright red or reddish brown
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Hesitancy
delay or difficulty in initiating voiding
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Ileal conduit
urinary diversion in which the ureters are connected to the ileum with a stoma created on the abdominal wall
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Indwelling urethral catheter
catheter that remains in place for continuous urine drainage; synonym for Foley catheter
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Intermittent catheter
straight catheter used to drain the bladder for short periods (5–10 minutes)
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Kegel exercises
repetitious contraction and relaxation of the pubococcygeal muscle to improve vaginal tone and urinary continence
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Micturition
process of emptying the bladder; urination; voiding
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Mixed incontinence
symptoms of urge and stress incontinence are present, although one type may predominate
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Nephrotoxic
capable of causing kidney damage
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Overflow incontinence
involuntary loss of urine associated with overdistention and overflow of the bladder
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Postvoid residual (PVR)
urine that remains in the bladder after the act of micturition; a synonym for residual urine
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Reflex incontinence
When a person experience emptying of the bladder without the sensation of the need to void.
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Specific gravity
a characteristic of urine that can be determined with manufactured plastic strips or an instrument called a urinometer or hydrometer
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Stress incontinence
state in which the person experiences a loss of urine of less than 50 mL that occurs with increased abdominal pressure
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Suprapubic catheter
catheter inserted into the bladder through a small abdominal incision above the pubic area
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Total incontinence
any involuntary leakage of urineinvoluntary leakage of urine
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Transient incontinence
appears suddenly and lasts for 6 months or less. It is usually caused by treatable factors, such as confusion secondary to acute illness, infection, and as a result of medical treatment, such as the use of diuretics or intravenous fluid administration
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Urge incontinence
state in which a person experiences involuntary passage of urine that occurs soon after a strong sense of urgency to void
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Urinary diversion
surgical creation of an alternate route for excretion of urine
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Urinary incontinence
any involuntary loss of urine
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Urinary retention
inability to void although urine is produced by the kidneys and enters the bladder; excessive storage of urine in the bladder
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