MRCPsych Part A

A process where a previously insignificant stimulus acquires the property of a significant one. A new learnt behaviour is acquired as a result of the association between the stimulation and the response to it. Often involves innate or autonomic responses.

May show the same response to similar stimulus e.g. white rat- anything white and fluffy.

Can learn to differentiate between two similar, but different types of stimulus. E.g. White rat and black rat.

Can heighten the learned response by just showing the neutral stimulus and not the conditioned stimulus. e.g. loud bang without rat. When next see rat, response will be worse.

Eventually the conditioned response will fade if only the conditioned stimulus is presented without the expected reward e.g. fear.

Conditioned response can return at any time. E.g. may recover from fear of rats, but may see a rat in future and experience conditioned response.

If an action is followed by a reward then the action will be strengthened.

Something which increases the desired behaviour.

Learning as a result of unpleasant conditioning.

An undesired behaviour leads to an unpleasant consequence.

An undesired behaviour leads to removal of a pleasant stimulus.

Trained to perform an action to end an aversive stimulus.

Avoiding an aversive stimulus to avoid negative consequences.

Intended as a revision of the Hippocratic oath. Introduced following crimes committed in Nazi Germany.

Statement of ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects.

Doctors should refuse to participate in, condone or give permission for torture, degradation or cruel treatment of prisoners or detainees.

Offers guidance to doctors treating patients on a hunger striker

International statement of the rights of patients.

Sets out the principles necessary for optimal child health.

1-4Hz

4-8Hz

8-12Hz

12-30Hz