Chem 5, College of the Desert.txt

• Methane
• Ethane
• Propane
• Butane
• Pentane
• Hexane
• Heptane
• Octane
• Nonane
• Decane

The reaction of an alkane with oxygen. An oxidation reaction that commonly takes place in a controlled manner in an engine or furnace.

An alkane that contains a ring of Carbon atoms.

Alkanes which contain rings of Carbon atoms, are also well known and are widespread throughout nature.

Is a tetravalent, always forms four bonds.

• •Has covalent bonds
• •Contain polar covalent bonds when carbonbonds to an electronegative element on the right side of the periodic table.
• •Have specific three-dimensional shapes.
• •Often contain hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen, in addition to carbon.

Forms multiple covalent bonds by sharing more then two electrons with a neighboring atom.

Organic compounds that contain only Carbon and Hydrogen.

A functional group is an atom or group of atoms that has a characteristic physical and chemical behavior.

Hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds belong to the family of organic molecules.

Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas.

Compounds with all their carbons connected in a continuous chain.

Those with branching connection of Carbons.

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different connections among their constituent atoms.

• ie: CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
• Show the essential information about which functional groups are present and how atoms are connected.

Are structures in which the symbols C and H do not appear.

Where substituents are located.

How many Carbons.

What family does the molecule belong to.

The straight-chain alkyl group --CH2-CH2-CH3.

The branched-chain alkyl group --CH(Ch3)2.

A Carbon atom with 1 other carbon attached to it.

A Carbon atom with 2 other carbons attached to it.

A Carbon atom with 3 other carbons attached to it.

A Carbon atom with 4 other carbons attached to it.

Lower boiling and melting points with fewer carbons; higher melting and boiling points for more Carbons.

Triangle

Square

Pentagon

Hexagon

Heptagon

S,H,N,O,P,S

Contains only C-H and C-C single bonds

• | |
• C=C.
• | |
• Double bond between C's

C to C triple bond

Benzene ring

Equation: CnHn

• |
• -C-X
• |
• X= F,Cl, Br, I

• |
• -C-O-H
• |

• | |
• -C-O-C-
• | |

• | |
• -C-N-
• |

• O
• | ||
• -C-C-H
• |

• O
• | || |
• -C-C-C-
• | |

• O
• | ||
• -C-C-OH
• |

• O O
• | || || |
• -C-C-O-C-C-
• | |

• O
• | || |
• -C-C-O-C-
• | |

• O
• | ||
• -C-C-NH2
• |

4 bonds

Contains benzene ring and structures

Contains no benzene ring, also does not have to be cyclo.

Only single bonds between C'S, Aka: most H bonds.

Contain at least one C=C if not more and/ or triple bond

CH3CH2CH2--

• CH3
• |
• CH3CH--

CH3CH2CH2CH2--

• |
• CH3CHCH2CH3

• CH3
• |
• CH3CHCH2--

• |
• CH3CCH
• |
• CH3

C(n)H(2n)