ISOM Final

• The web as platform
• Services not packages
• Perpetual Beta
• decentralization
• collaboration
• user generated content

• Remixability
• emergent system
• co-creation
• decentralization

• peering
• sharing
• openness

• Defined vocabulary vs Personal vocabulary
• Meaning per the author vs Meaning to the reader

• Top‐down vs Bottom‐up
• Central control vs Democratic creation

• Restrictive vs Expansive
• Navigation vs Discovery
• Accurate vs Good enough

• Structure vs Messy
• Not emergent vs Emergent by nature
• Solid foundation vs Slow to emerge

Efficiency vs Difficult Findability

Resource intensive vs Relativelyinexpensive

• Advantages 

•          Simple to learn
•          Easy to tag any
•          Relevance

•          Lower cost of categorization
•          Open ended

Disadvantages

•          Errors – misspellings, single words or bad compounds, singleuse or idiosyncratic use
•          Issues of scale – popular tags already showing a million hits
•                                Polysemy
•                                Synonyms
•                                Plural vs Singular
•                                Acronyms
•          No structure, no conceptual relationships
•                                imprecise, ambiguous

•          Limited applicability – non‐technical or nonspecialist domains
•          Most people can’t tag very well – learned skill

• Passive audience  vs  Active audience

One to many  vs  Many-to-many

• Require resources to broadcast  vs  Inexpensive and accessible tool
• Requires specialized skills and training  vs  Anyone can operate the means of production

• participation
• democratization

• community
• connectedness

transparency

• Advantage 

• Provide real time information
• Real‐time global bullhorn
• Government officials communicate and share

The Power of Simplicity

Hash Tags

• Everyone or everything is six of fewer steps away from any other person in the world. So that a chain of " a friend of a friend" statements can be made to connect any two people in a maximum of six steps.

• offline : multiple groups of friends with whom we havedifferent relationship

online : A bucket of friends

• Human beings can hold onlyabout 150 meaningfulrelationships in their heads.

Informally, it is the number ofpeople you wouldn’t feelembarrassed about joining ifyou happened to find them at the bar of an airport transitlounge at 3am

• Strength depends on

• amount of time
• reciprocity (mutuality of services)

• emotional intensity
• intimacy (mutual confiding)

• Strong Ties : family
• weak Ties : Real value of collaboration

• style of website consisting of a simple syntaxused to compose and edit pages by multiple people who hasno programming skills

use simple formatting rules‐‐like word processing

• can share ideas and collaborate
• can interact and use easily
• nothing is ever lost

changes can be tracked and who

• Relies on cooperation, checks and balances               
•               belief in sharing of ideas
• focus on communityagreement rather than on personal views

information management, filter spam*,disseminating the 'voice‘

• No one owns content  vs  A person owns their post
• Anyone can edit other people’s work  vs  Only author can edit their own work

• No specific organization (hyperlinks)  vs  Organized in reverse chron. order
• Perpetual work in progress  vs  Posts are permanent

Good for collaborative group work  vs  Good for disseminating info/startinga dialogue

• Neutral Point of View
• Verifiability
• No Original Research

• equipotentiality
• probabilistic, parallelised

• granular
• shared ownership

Result

• Linux – Operating System
• Apache –Web Server software
• MySQL – MySQL database
• PHP – PHP, Pearl, Python

• Hierarchical  vs  Decentralized
• Top Down  vs  Bottom up

• Formal  vs  Informal
• Closed  vs  Open

• encouraging communalinvolvement
• other could pick up the effort

Publish then Filter

• more ppl, less bugs
• Product incrementally better

• free and openeducational resource for faculty, students, and selflearnersthroughout the world

• not a distance‐learning initiative
• can complement a distance‐learning initiative
• high‐quality learning materials
• for taking and fortransformation

• implies easy, fast integration
• frequently using open Application ProgrammingInterfaces (APIs*) and data sources to produce resultsthat were not the original reason for producing the rawsource data

Purpose

• Content can be repurposed and remixed
• Combine data from multiple sources into a single unifiedview
• Enrich raw data with new information

• Provides information in a useful way that was not possibleor intended before
• Allow information to be viewed from different perspectives

Only Mashups createssomething new from theexisting information