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Aerobic bacteria
bacteria that require oxygen to live and grow
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Anaerobic bacteria
bacteria that can live without oxygen
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Antibody
immunoglobin produced by the body in response to a specific antigen
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Antimicrobial
antibacterial agent that kills bacteria or suppresses their growth
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Antigen
foreign material capable of inducing a specific immune response
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Asepsis
absence of disease-producing microorganisms; using methods to prevent infection
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Bacteria
the most significant and most commonly observed infection-causing agents
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Disinfection
process used to destroy microorganisms; destroys all pathogenic organisms except spores
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infection in which the causative organism comes from microbial life the person himself or herself harbors
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Exogenous
infection in which the causative organism is acquired from outside the host
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plant-like organisms (molds and yeasts) that can cause infection
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Healthcare-associated infection
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an infection that was not present on admission to the hospital and develops during the course of treatment for other conditions (nosocomial)
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Host
animal or person on or within which microorganisms live
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Iatrogenic infection
infection that occurs as a result of a treatment or diagnostic procedure
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Infection
disease state resulting from pathogens in or on the body
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protective procedure designed to prevent the transmission of specific microorganisms; also called protective aseptic techniques and barrier techniques
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Medical asepsis
practices designed to reduce the number and transfer of pathogens; synonym for clean technique
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something originating or taking place in the hospital (ie, infection)
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Pathogen
disease-producing microorganism
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Reservoir
natural habitat for the growth and multiplication of microorganisms
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CDC precautions used in the care of all patients regardless of their diagnosis or possible infection status; this category combines universal and body substance precautions
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(1) the process by which all microorganisms, including spores, are destroyed; (2) surgical procedure performed to render a person infertile
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Surgical asepsis
practices that render and keep objects and areas free from microorganisms; synonym for sterile technique
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Transmission-Based Precautions
CDC precautions used in patients known or suspected to be infected with pathogens that can be transmitted by airborne, droplet, or contact routes; used in addition to Standard Precautions
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nonhuman carriers, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and lice, that transmit organisms from one host to another
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Virulence
ability to produce disease
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smallest of all microorganisms; can be seen only by using an electron microscope
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