Anatomy Ch.5

the skin; the largest and most important organ in the body

refers to the skin

thin layer or sheet

composed of epithelial tissue and an underlying layer of connective tissue

composed largely of various types of connective tissue

cutaneous membrane, serous membranes & mucous membranes

the skin

simple squamous epithelium on a connective tissue basement membrane

parietal & visceral

line walls of body cavities

cover organs found in body cavities

inflammation of the serous membranes that line the chest cavity and cover the lungs

inflammation of the serous membranes in the abdominal cavity that line the walls and cover the abdominal organs

line body surfaces that open directly to the exterior; produce mucus, a thick secretion that keeps the membranes soft and moist

transitional area that serves as a point of "fusion" where skin and mucous membranes meet

do not contain epithelial components; synovial membranes and synovial fluid

membranes lining the spaces between bones and joints; also line the small, cushionlike sacs called bursae found between many moving body parts

a thick, colorless lubricating fluid secreted from synovial membranes

oil-producing gland found in the skin; secrete oil or sebum for hair & skin; level of secretion increases during adolescence; amount of secretion is regulated by sex hormones; sebum in this gland duct may darken to form a blackhead

epidermis & dermis

outermost and thinnest primary layer of skin; composed of several layers of stratified squamous epithelium

innermost layer of cells that continually reproduce; new cells move toward the surface

as cells approach the surface they are filled with a tough waterproof protein called keratin; eventually cells flake off of body

outermost layer of keratin-filled cells

gives color to the skin; produced by deepest epidermal layer

brown pigment produced by specialized cells in deepest epidermal layer; higher concentration of melanin, the deeper the color of skin

caused by breakdown of union between cells or primary layers of skin

tissue below the layers of skin; made up of loose connective tissue and fat; closest layer to bone

specialized area between two primary skin layers

deeper & thicker of the two primary skin layers; composed largely of connective tissue

upper papillary layer of dermis characterized by parallel rows of tiny bumps; ridges & grooves in dermis form pattern unique to individual: fingerprints & footprints

deeper area of the dermis filled with a dense network of tough, interlacing, collagenous and stretchable elastic fibers

hair, receptors, nails & skin glands

lanugo, hair follicle, hair papilla, hair root, hair shft, arrector pili

specialized nerve endings- make it possible for skin to act as a sense organ

from any specialized sensory receptor to the central nervous system

carrying from, as neurons that transmit impulses from the central nervous system to the periphery; opposite of afferent

capable of detecting light touch; close to surface

capable of detecting pressure

nail root, cuticle, lunula, nail body, free edge; nail bed may change color with change in blood flow

sweat/ sudoriferous glands & sebaceous glands

secrete water; consist of Eccrine sweat glands and Apocrine sweat glands

most numerous, important & wide-spread of the sweat glands; produce perspiration which flows out through pores on skin surace; function throughout life & assist in body heat regulation

found primarily in axilla & around genitalia; secrete a thicker secreation quite diff. from eccrine perspiration; breakdown of secretion by skin bacteria produces odor

protection, temperature regulation & sense organ activity

treatment & recovery or survival depend on total area involved & severity or depth of the burn; body surface area is estimated using the "rule of nines" in adults

body is divided into 11 areas of 9% each; additional 1% located around genitals

first-degree (partial thickness) burns: only the surface layers of epidermis; second-degree (parital thickness) burns: involve the deep epidermal layers and always cause injury to the upper layers of the dermis; third-degree(full thickness) burns: characterized by complete destruction of the epidermis and dermis