the pancreas is found behind the _____ omental sac
lesser
head of pancreas is anterior to the ivc
uncinate process is posterior to the superior mesenteric vessels
gastroduodenal artery is the anterolateral border of the hread
true
the head of the pancreas lies in the
lap of the duodenum
the head of the pancreas is inferior to the
caudate lobe of liver
the _______ passes through a groove posterior to the pancreatic head
common bile duct
the _____ is the anterolateral border of the pancreas
gastroduodenal artery
the tail of the pancreas is found
anterior to the left kidney, near the splenic hilum
the primary pancreatic duct is the
duct of wirsung
the duct receives tributaries from lobules at right angles and enters the medial second part of the duodenum with the common bile duct at the
ampulla of vater
what vessel passes anterior to the 3rd part of the duodenum and posterior to the neck of the pancreas
smv
the head of the pancreas the duodenum and parts of the stomach are supplies by the
gastroduodenal artery
the duct of santorini is an
accessory duct to the pancreas
the normal dimention of the pancreatic head usually is less than
2cm
the normal size of the pancreatic duct is less than
3mm
the enzyme that is the most sensitive over time in lab tests for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis is
lipase
what is the microscopic collection of cells numbering 1-2million embedded within tissue throughout the gland
islets of langerhans
the spenic vein is considered to be the
medial posterior border of the pancreas
if the celiac axis is well visualized, the sonographer should move the transducer in which direction to image the pancreas
inferior
the splenic artery is considered to be the
superior border of the pancreas
the main pancreatic duct joins the ______ before entering the second part of the duodenum
common bile duct
clinical signd and symptoms is acute pancreatitis include
severe abd pain radiating to the back
elevated amylase
nausea and vomiting
a common cause of acute pancreatitis is
alcohol intake
the pancreas is reflective in its sonographic apperance because of the multiple
fat btwn the lobules
what vessel runs posterior to the lower neck of the pancreas and anterior to the uncinae process
smv
the perisitence of the dorsal and ventral pancreas with the head encircling the duodenum is called
annular pancreas
a condition that causes increased secretion of abnormal mucus by the exocrine glands is
cystic fibrosis
gallstones are present in 40% to 60% od pts with
acute pancreatitis
a common course of enzyme destruction via the pancreas is accumulation in the
lesser sac
on us, pancreatitis may appear
hypoechoic
an elderly man with a history of alcoholism recently was diagnosed with acute pancreatitis he now presents with decreased hematocrit and hypotension, your differential includes
pancreatic hemorrahage
the spreading process of diffuse inglammatory edema of soft tissues that may proceed to necrosis and suppuration is
phlegmon
the most common cause of acute pancreatitis in children is
trauma
a pt who presents with jaundice, wt loss, a palpable RUQ mass should be evaluated for
adenocarcimona of the pancreas
the ligaments that is the remnant of the fetal umbilical vein is
ligamentum teres
tin segmental anatomy the true anatomic boundary btwn the right and left lobes is
falciform ligament
which one of the following statements correctly identifies the sonographic characteristics of the hepatic portal vein tributaries
demonstrate hyperechoic walls
the normal size of the liver's anterior-posterior length is approx
12cm
the echogenicity of the liver is ________ to the renal cortex
hyperechoic
the liver is enclosed by fibrous capsile called
glisson capsule
reidel's lobe is a toungue like extension of hte left lobe of the liver
false
which of the following is the funtioning part of the liver
parenchyma
lobule
make up the portal confluence
splenic vein
portal vein
smv
portal traid is 3 vessels of structures that course together thoughout the liver
common bile duct
hepatic artery
MPV= main portal vein
most of the digestion and absorption of food takes place in the
small intestine
the structure often seen on a sagittal u/s to the left of the midline as a bulls eye or target pattern aterior to the aorta and posterior to the left lobe of the liver is the
gastroesophageal junction
characteristic signs of lymphoma of hte stomach
relatively large and hypoechoic appearance
marked thickening of the gastric walls
spoke wheel pattern
small bowel obstruction is associated with
dilation of bowel loops prox to the site of obstruction
acute appendicitis may be seen on u/s exam as a
target lession
the ____ is found anterior to the pancreatic body and is sometimes confused with pancreatic duct
pyloric antrum
sono finding of crohns disease may include
symmetrically swollen bowels patterns
uniformly increased wall thickness
matted loop pattern
the keyboard sign is seen in the
duodenum
the appendix is located on the abd wall under
McBurneys point
an embryologic mistake
duplication cyst
metastatic disease to the stomach may be secondary to
breast
lung
melanoma
max outer diameter of normal appendix can measure up to
6mm
diverticulum is most common in the
colon
most common tumor of the gastrointestinal tract in childern under 10yrs
lymphoma
the colon is divided into segments called
haustra
the celiac axis, SMA, and _______ supply both the small ans large intestines
inferior mesenteric artery
which division of the duodemun courses to the level of the gb neck
first part
the entrance of the esophagus into the stomach is throught the
cardiac orifice
the greater curvature of the stomach is supported by all of the following ligaments
greater omentum
gastrophrenic ligament
gastrosplenic ligament
progression of acute appendicitis to frank perforation is more rapid in
preschool children
symptoms of appendiceal mucoceles may include
asymptomatic
urinary symptoms
sepsis
gastrointestinal leiomyosarcoma most commonly occur
ileum
the pseudokidney sign may be seen in
gastric carcimona
best sonographic window to image the left hemidiaphragm is the
spleen
splenomegaly may result from
inflammatory process
metastatic disease to the spleen
polycythemia vera
pts with right side heart failure and elevated systemic venous pressure may develop
marked dilation of hte intrahepatic veins
the normal sonographic texture of the spleen is
homogeneous with internal echoes equal to or less wchogenic than those of the liver
the spleen is
the center for hematopoietic activity
correct anatomic location of structures adjacent to the spleen
the left kidney lies inferior and medial to the spleen
functions of the spleen
production of plasma cells
production of lymphocytes
destruction of RBC
cysts of the spleen are
of no clinical significance
the spleen is variable in size and is considered to be all the following
tetrahedral
triangular
orange segment
when accessory spleens are present they usually are located
near the hilum of the spleen
the major focal defects in the spleen may be caused bay all of the following
tumors
an infraction
cysts
most common b9 neoplasms in the spleen include all of the following
cavernous hemangiomas
cystic lymphangiomas
hamartomas
a slpenic rupture has been reported in pts with
hemangioma
primary tumors that may metastasize to the pleen include
melonoma
ovary
lung
with splenomegaly the left kidney may be displaced
inferior
other areas that should be examined with ruling out a splenic rupture
liver and lesser sac
pelvis
renal gutter
what sonographic signs are present in a pt with histoplasmosis
calcifications
true statement concerning abdominal lymphoma
retroperitoneal nodes appear as hypoechoic masses
a spleen that has migrated from its normal location is termed
wandering spleen
the major function of the spleen is
to filter peripheral blood
in the adult splenomegaly is diagnosed when the length of the spleen exceeds
13cm
atrophy of the spleen may be found in
normal individuals
wasting diseases
sicke cell anemia
a chronic disease of unkown etiology that invilves all bone marrow elements is
polyeythemia vera
in a _______ hematoma of the spleen the splenic capsule remains intact