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Spondylosis
General term for degenerative changes (look for osteophytes)
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DDD
- Is disc in or out
- Capsular or no capsular
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DJD
- Osteoarthritis, FACET jt
- Encroachment on NR
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To remember if image is L or R
If R lat then R side on film and cut off everything from middle spine to L
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Spurling’s test
- Full lat flexion then ext
- Local pain → facet arthritis
- Reproduction of radicular findings (LMN signs) → NR compression
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Causes of NR compression
- Disc lesion
- Osteophyte (causing Foraminal stenosis)
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Capsular pattern of C/S
- Loss or ext, equal of SB, possible loss of flexion
- Usually arthritic, can be fx or bone CA
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How many NR can a C/S disc lesion affect?
Only one
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Pressure on dural sleeve
Dermatomal pain
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Pressure on NR or extreme pressure on dural sleeve
N+T, possible weakness
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Spinal 5 step check list
- 1. count the vertebrae
- 2. alignment: 4 lateral lines
- 3. irregularity of vertebral body (schmorl node, fx, OP, osteophyte)
- 4. is the disc space maintained? Usual tissue densities?
- 5. examine the parts of the vertebrae
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4 lateral lines
- ant and post longitudinal lig
- post aspect of spinal canal
- tips of SP
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examine the parts of the vertebrae
- 1. vertebral body
- 2. pedicle and laminate
- 3. pars interarticularis
- 4. superior/inferior facets
- 5. DJD
- 6. SP, TP
- 7. intervertebral disc space/foramen
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what view is best to see pedicles?
AP
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