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Pressure has an appreciable effect on the solubility of _______ in liquids.
gases
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Adding a non-volatile solute to a solution decreases the ______ of the solution
freezing point and vapor pressure
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How many atoms are contained in a face-centered cubic unit cell?
4
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How many atoms are contained in a body-centered cubic unit cell?
2
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How many atoms are contained in a simple cubic unit cell?
1
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As the concentration of a solute in a solution increases, the freezing point of the solution ______ and the vapor pressure of the solution _______.
decreases, decreases
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Formation of solutions where the process is endothermic can be spontaneous provided that
they are accompanied by an increase in disorder
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The ease with which the charge distribution in a molecule can be distorted by an external electrical field is called the _______
polarizability
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The value of the boiling-point-elevation constant (Kb) depends on the identity of the
solvent
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What is the predominant intermolecular force in CBr4?
London-dispersion forces
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An unsaturated solution is one that
has a concentration lower than the solubility
-
The principal source of the difference in the normal boiling points of ICl (97C; MW 162 amu) and Br2 (59C; MW 160 amu) is
dipole-dipole interactions
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Of the concentration units, only _________ is temperature dependent.
Molarity
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Boiling point _________ and solubility _______ when the number of carbons decrease.
decreases, decreases
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The half-life of a first order reaction
can be calculated from the reaction rate constant, does not depend on initial reactant concentration, is constant, and is the time necessary for the reactant concentration to drop to half its original value.
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What is the formula for half life in a first order process?
0.693/k
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The mechanism for the formation of the product X is
A + B ==> C + D (slow)
B + D ==> X (fast)
What is the intermediate reactant?
D
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A very small equilibrium constant means
reactants predominate
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If the concentration of B was tripled and the reaction rate stayed the same, what order reaction is B in?
zero
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A reaction was found to be second order in carbon monoxide concentration. The rate of the reaction _______ if the [CO] is doubled, with everything else kept the same.
Increases by a factor of 4
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What are the units for a second order reaction rate?
concentration inverse time inverse
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For a second order reaction in [A], plotting ______ will yield a straight line.
1/[A]
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A substance that is capable of acting as both an acid and as a base is
amphoteric
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What is the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation?
pH = pKa + log (base/acid)
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In a basic solution, when the concentrations of H3o+ and OH- are compared,
[H3O+]<[OH-]
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A Bronsted Lowry base is defined as a substance that
acts as a proton acceptor
-
The primary buffer system that controls the pH of the blood is the ___________ system
carbonic acid, bicarbonate
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The magnitude of Kw indicates that
water autoionizes only to a very small extent
-
To find the conjugate acid of a substance
add one H+ ion
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To find the conjugate base of a substance
take away one H+ ion
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As Ka decreases, acid strength
increases
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What change will be caused by addition of small amounts of HCl to a solution containing fluoride ions and hydrogen fluoride?
The concentration of fluoride ion will decrease and the concentration of hydrogen fluoride will increase.
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