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IT - Networking

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  1. Connecting computers together so that you can exchange information between them
    Networking
  2. Network in small geographical area 
    • (Room, Building or Campus)
    • LAN (Local Area Network)
  3. Network in a City
    MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
  4. Network spread geographically.
    • (Country or across Globe)
    • WAN (Wide Area Network)
  5. Advantages of Networking
    • Availability of data any time, anywhere irrespective of the physical origin of the data.
    • Resource sharing minimizes resource requirements.
    • Ease of managemet
  6. Any computer that serves something to other computers in the network.
    Server
  7. Any computer in a network that takes some kind of service from another computer (server)
    Client
  8. A Windows 2003 server serving IP addresses to other computers in the network is called _____/
    DHCP Server
  9. The method or protocol by which data is sent from one computer to another on the internet where each computer (known as a host) on the internet has at least one IP address that uniquely identifies it from all other computers on the Internet.
    IP Address
  10. A Windows XP computer with a printer attached to it & allowed other computers in the network to print to it is called a ______.
    Print Server
  11. ISO?
    International Organization for Standardization
  12. OSI?
    Open System Interconnect
  13. OSI Layers Advantages?
    • Makes easy to understand the process of networking.
    • Helps in defining the role of a product in a network & its specifications.
    • Standard specifications provide compatibility between products from different manufacturers.
  14. OSI Layers
    • - Seven Layer Model?
    • 1. Physical
    • 2. Data Link
    • 3. Network
    • 4. Transport
    • 5. Session
    • 6. Presentation
    • 7. Application
  15. Deals with end to end communications between data source and destinations.
    Layers 7 through 4
  16. Deals with communications between network devices.
    Layers 3 to 1
  17. Deals with the Physical Connection between the computers.

    Provides specifications for building a physical infrastructure of a network...TOPOLOGY
    Physical Layer
  18. Under Physical Topologies
    • Bus
    • Ring
    • Star
    • Extended Star
    • Mesh
    • Hybrid
  19. Defines the way in which computers, printers, and other devices are connected.

    Describes the layout of the wire and devices as well as the paths used by data transmissions.
    Network Topology
  20. Commonly referred to as a "Linear Bus". 
    • All the devices on a bus topology are connected by one single cable.
    • Bus Topology
  21. The most commonly used architecture in Ethernet LANs.
    Star Topology

    - - when installed, resembles spokes in a bicycle wheel.
  22. Larger networks use the extended star topology also called as ____. 
    • When used with network devices that filter frames or packets, like bridges, switches, and routers, this topology significantly reduces the traffic on the wires by sending packets only to the wires of the destination host.
    • Tree Topology
  23. All the devices on the network share a single cable.
    Single Ring
  24. Allows data to be sent in both directions.
    Dual Ring
  25. Connects all devices (nodes) to each other for redundancy and fault tolerance.

    Used in WANs to interconnect LANs and for mission critical networks like those used by banks and financial institutions.

    Expensive and Difficult.
    Mesh Topology
  26. A copper-cored cable surrounded by a heavy shielding and is used to connect computers in a network.
    Coaxial Cable
  27. Used to regenerate the weakened signals.
    Repeater
  28. Impedance and Use of 
    • RG-59
    • 75 ohms
    • Cable TV
  29. Impedance and Use of
    • RG-58
    • 50 ohms
    • Thin Ethernet
  30. Impedance and Use of
    • RG-11
    • 50 ohms
    • Thick Ethernet
  31. A type of cabling that is used for telephone communications and most modern Ethernet networks.
    Twisted-pair
  32. 2 Basic Types of Twisted Pair
    • Shielded Twisted-Pair (STP)
    • Unshielded Twisted-Pair (UTP)
  33. Consists of 4 pairs (8 wires) of insulated copper wires typically about 1mm thick.

    Flexible and Cheap cable.

    ex:
    CAT3, CAT4, CAT5, Enhanced CAT5 and now CAT6.
    Unshielded Twisted-Pair
  34. Categories of UTP
    • Category 3
    • Category 5e and Category 6
  35. The wiring used primarily for telephone connections.

    (UTP)
    Category 3
  36. Currently the most common Ethernet cables used.
    Category 5e and Category 6
  37. Uses light to send information through the optical medium.
    Optical Fibers
  38. 2 types of Fiber Media
    • Multimode
    • Singlemode
  39. Has a very small core and carry only one beam of light. It can support Gbps data rates over >100Km without using repeaters.

    Carries light pulses along single path


    Uses Laser Light Source
    Singlemode Fiber
  40. Many pulses of light generated by LED travel at different angles.
    Multimode Fiber
  41. Contains one or several glass fibers at its core.
    Fiber-Optic Cable
  42. Surrounding the fibers is a layer called _________.
    cladding
  43. FO Cable may have ___ to over ____ fibers.
    • 1
    • 1000
  44. Very useful in difficult terrain where cable laying is not possible.

    Provides mobility to communication nodes.
    Wireless Media
  45. Modulation scheme used in Fiber Media.
    intensity modulation
  46. Microwaves do not follow the curvature of earth.

    Line-of-Sight transmission
    Terrestial Microwave
  47. Used to increase the distance hop-by-hop
    repeater
  48. Allows the signal to travel faster.
    Height
  49. Satellite Communication..
    • - Height?
    • 22, 000 miles
  50. Deals with how computers transmit data on the media i.e. cable.
    Data Link Layer
  51. CSMA ?
    Carrier Sense Multiple Access
  52. Method by which computers send or receive data using a single media.
    Carrier Sense Multiple Access
  53. When 2 computers send data at the same time on the cable.
    Collision / Data Collision
  54. 2 methods used to deal with Data Collisions
    • Collision Detection
    • Collision Avoidance
  55. In this method, when collision happens, both the computers sending data stop transmission.
    Collision Detection
  56. In this method, care is taken so that there will be no collisions.
    Collision Avoidance
  57. The part of the Data Link Layer which deals with how computer access the media and how the computers will be identified.
    MAC (Media Access Control) Sub layer

    • - - thus this number is called MAC Address
    • - also called :
    • Physical Address
    • Hardware Address
  58. MAC Address
    • - It is ___ bits Hexadecimal number.
    • 48
  59. Receives the announcements & creates a list of all the computers in a network.
    Master Browser
  60. broadcast MAC Address?
    FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF
  61. The part of the data link layer which deals with the actual communication between the computers.
    Logical Link Control
  62. The Logic Link Control (LLC) sub layer does what two things?
    • Flow Control
    • Error Control
  63. This controls the amount of data that is transferred between the computers at a time during the communication.
    Flow Control
  64. 2 methods of Flow Control
    • Static
    • Dynamic
  65. (Flow Control)
    • Data is sent at a fix rate throughout the communication.
    • Static
  66. (Flow Control)
    • Data is sent at a varying rate depending on status of both the computers.
    • Dynamic
  67. This checks for any errors in the data during transmission of the data over the media.
    Error Control
  68. Used by both transmitting & receiving computer to check for any errors in the data.
    Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) Method
  69. The data at the physical layer is in the form of _________.
    Bits
  70. The data at the Data Link Layer is organized in the form of ______.
    Frames
  71. A data packet which every computer in the network has to receive.
    Broadcast
  72. The name of the 3rd OSI Layer
    Network Layer
Author
Jagadeeshan
ID
320911
Card Set
IT - Networking
Description
IT - Networking
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