Function: Activator of T-cells, acts like TNF cells, controls inflammatory response, increases surface adhesion to endothelial cells
What is the source and function of IL-2?
Source: T-cells after Ag binding
Function: promotes proliferation and differentiation of immune cells. Promotes apoptosis of Ag-activated T-cells to control immune system
What is the source and function of IL-4?
Source: T-Helper 2 cells, mast cells, and basophils
Function: B-cell isotype switching to IgE, Development of TH-2 cells for naive CD4+ T-cells,
Autocrine growth factor for TH-2 cells, Inhibits IFN gamma from activating macrophages
What is the source and function of IL-5?
Source: TH-2 cells and Mast cells
Function: growth and differentiation of eosinophils (parasitic infection), B-cell differentiation, production of IgA
What is the source and function of IL-6?
Source: Macrophages, endothelial cells, T-cells
Functions: proliferation of plasma cells ->Ab, synthesis of proteins in liver that are important for inflammation
What is the source and function of IL-10?
(hint only one source)
Source: Th-2 cells
Function: Inhibits expression of MHC II on macrophages, inhibits macrophages from making IL-12 and TNF, inhibits expression of co-stimulators
What is the source and function of IL-12?
Source: mononuclear phagocytes, dendritic cells
Function: Secretion of IFN gamma by NK cells and T-cells, Inc. catalytic activity of NK cells and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, Differentiation of CD4+ (TH-1) T cells, Mediates early innate immunity and induces cell mediated immunity
What is the source and function of TNF?
Source: mononuclear phagocytes
Function: induction of IL-1 production by macrophages, apoptosis of some cell types, mediates acute inflammatory response to microbes, recruitment and activation of neutrophils and monocytes to sites of infection, stimulates endothelial cells to express adhesion molecules and chemokines
What is the function Chemokines?
stimulate leukocytes movement, regulates migration of lymphocytes from blood to tissues (chemotactic cytokines), important to immune response to local infections
What is the source and function of Type 1 Interferons: IFN- alpha (leukocyte IFN), IFN-beta ( fibroblast IFN)?
(hint the source of IFN alpha is different from IFN beta)
Source: IFN alpha made by mononuclear phagocytes, IFN beta made by many cells mostly fibroblasts
Function:
IFN-α-family of 20 sx related polypeptides, IFN-β-single protein, Inhibit viral replication, Stimulate development of TH-1, Increase expression of MHC-1, Innate response to viral infections, Cell-mediated response to microbes
What is the source and function of Transforming Growth factor TGF- beta?
Source: T-cells, mononuclear phagocytes
Function: Inhibit proliferation and differentiation of T-cells, Inhibit activation of macrophages
What is the source and function of Lymphotoxin? (LT)
source: T lymphocytes
Function: 30% homologous to TNF, activates endothelial cells, activates neutrophils
IgG protective function?
antiviral, antibacterial, antitoxin, agglutinin
other facts: crosses placenta (passive immunity for newborns), activates complement
Serum IgA
no known bio function, it has a dimer structure
IgM
antiviral, antibacterial, GOOD antiglutinin, first Ig to respond, doesn't leave blood stream
pentameric structure
IgD
no known protective function
it helps with maturation of B cells
IgE
in high numbers during parasitic infection
mediates type 1 hypersensitivity, binds to mast cells and basophils
sIgA (secretory)
antiviral antibacterial and aggultinin
major Ig in secretions, protect mucosal from infections
What Ig has no fuction in serum?
IgD
What Ig has a monomer on the surface of Bcell and is pentamer serum?
IgM
Which Ig is involved with type 1 hypersensitivity?
IgE
What Ig is involved in the immune response to parasites?
IgE
What Ig appears in tears?
sIgA
What Ig is the predominant antibody in serum in the secondary immune response?
IgG
What Ig has four subclasses of heavy chains?
IgG
Which Ig has two subclasses of Heavy chains?
sIgA
What Ig is the best agglutinin?
IgM
Which Ig is bound to surface of mast cells?
IgE
IL-1:
D.
IL-12:
a. stimulates the production of inteferon-γ by NK cells and T cells
b. is primarily secreted by activated mononuclear phagocytes and dendritic cells
c. enhances the cytolytic function of activated NK cells and T cytotoxic cells
d. all of the above
e. a and b only
D!!!
62. IL-4:
a. is produced by TH2 cells, activated mast cells and basophils
b. stimulates B cell isotype switching to IgG
c. enhances surface adhesion molecule expression on endothelial cells
d. all of the above
e. a and b only
A!!
Type I interferons:
a. inhibit viral infection
b. increase expression of class I MHC molecules
c. enhance surface adhesion molecule expression on endothelial cells
d. all of the above
e. a and b only
E!
Secretory IgA antibodies
:a. cross the placenta when coupled to J chain
b. bind C1 in activation of the classical complement activation pathway
c. are the predominant immunoglobulin in serum
d. mainly exist as monomers
e. are the predominant immunoglobulin in saliva
E
the first immunoglobulin synthesized in response to an initial exposure to antigen
IgM
most important in protecting a newborn from common bacteria
IgG
important in protecting against parasitic infections
IgE
most abundant immunoglobulin in serum
IgG
can bind to the largest number of epitopes
IgM
the major immunoglobulin produced in the memory response
IgG
role in B cell maturation, but no known protective function
