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Signs of inflammation
- heat, redness, swelling, pain and disturbed function.
- Some believe that loss of appetite is also a sign.
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What is the first response to injury
vasoconstriction followed by dilation and often edema
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What is poleax (rouleaux)?
- RBC form stacks which slows the blood.
- This is caused by edema and vasoconstriction
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What is margination and Pavementing?
- WBCs that stick to the cell wall.
- Facilitated by adhesion molecules
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What are the mediators of inflammation?
- Histamine
- Bradykinin
- Complement System
- Arachiadonic acid derviatives
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Histamine
Released from platelets, mast cells, and basophils
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Bradykinin
- Derived from Hageman Factor (Factor XII)
- Causes Pain
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Complement System
- Proteins that result in vasodilation, chemotaxis, and membrane destruction (MAC)
- Complement sequence is C1, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9
- Activated by antigen-antibody reactions
- Alternate complement pathway - older - yeast cell walls and endotoxin can activate
- Lectin pathway - the binding of lectins to carbohydrates on bacteria activates this pathway
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Arachidonic Derivatives
- Includes 2 pathways derived from phospholipids of cell membranes
- Steroids block production of arachidonic acid
- Aspirin inhibits cycloxygenase pathways which produce prostoglandins which cause vasodilation and thromboxane
- Lipoxygenase pathway leads to leukotrines which leads to chemotaxis and increased vascular permeability
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