-
PA Chest
- Entire lungs
- Heart
- Great Vessels
-
Lateral Chest
- Entire lungs
- Heart
- Great Vessels
-
AP Lordotic Chest
Apices of lungs without clavicular superimposition
-
Lateral Decubitus Chest
Both lungs to demonstrate air-fluid levels
-
Soft Tissue Neck Lateral
Larynx and air-filled trachea
-
Soft Tissue Neck AP
Larynx and air-filled trachea
-
KUB Upright
- L-spine
- Lower ribs
- Diaphragm
- Liver
- Kidneys
-
KUB Supine
- L-spine
- Lower ribs
- Pubic Symphysis
- Kidneys
-
Left Lateral Decub Abdomen
- Liver
- Kidneys
- Air-fluid levels in abdomen
-
AP, Oblique, or Lateral Finger
- Phalanges
- Distal metacarpals
-
AP, Lateral, or Oblique Thumb
- Proximal phalanges
- Distal phalanges
- Metacarpal
- Trapezium
-
AP Axial Thumb
Modified Robert's Method - Thumb
- Thumb
- First CMC joint without superimposition
- Trapezium
-
PA Stress Thumb
Folio Method
- Entire thumbs
- First metacarpals of both hands
-
PA, Oblique, or Lateral Hand
- Carpals
- Metacarpals
- Phalanges
- Distal Radius
- Distal Ulna
-
AP Oblique Hand
Norgaard
Ball Catcher's
- Both sets of:
- Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges
Both distal radii and ulnae
-
PA Wrist
- Mid- and proximal metacarpals
- Carpals
- Distal Radius
- Distal Ulna
-
Oblique Wrist
- Mid and proximal metacarpals
- Carpals
- Distal radius
- Distal Ulna
- TrapeziumScaphoid
-
Lateral Wrist
- Mid and proximal metacarpals
- Carpals
- Distal Radius and Ulna superimposed
-
PA Scaphoid
- Carpals
- Proximal metacarpals
- Distal Radius and Ulna
- Scaphoid without foreshortening and free of superimposition
-
Wrist - Modified Stetcher Method
- Carpals
- Proximal metacarpals
- Distal Radius and Ulna
- Scaphoid without foreshortening and free of superimposition
-
Wrist - Radial Deviation
- Proximal Metacarpals
- Distal radius and ulna
- open lateral intercarpal joint spaces
-
Wrist - Carpal Tunnel
Gaynor-Hart Method
Carpal Tunnel to rule out abnormal calcifications that can impinge on median nerve
-
Carpal Bridge
Tangential view of dorsal aspect of:
-
AP Forearm
- Entire radius and ulna
- Distal humerus
- Carpals
-
Lateral Forearm
- Entire radius and ulna
- Distal humerus
- Carpals
- Distal radius and ulna superimposed
-
AP Elbow
- Elbow joint
- Distal humerus
- Proximal radius and ulna
-
Lateral Elbow
- Elbow joint
- Distal humerus
- Proximal radius and ulna
-
Elbow - Coyle Method
- Radial head, neck, tuberosity
- Coronoid process of ulna
-
Radial Head Laterals
Elbow with special attention to radial head
-
Humerus - Internal Rotation
- Entire humerus
- Proximal forearm
- Shoulder joint
-
Humerus - External Rotation
- Entire humerus
- Proximal Forearm
- Shoulder joint
-
Transthoracic Humerus
Lawrence Method
Humerus and shoulder to rule out fracture or dislocation
-
Humerus - Trauma Horizontal Beam
Lateromedial Lateral
Lateral view of:
- Distal humerus
- Elbow Joint
- Proximal Forearm
-
AP Shoulder - External Rotation
- Entire clavicle
- Entire scapula
- Proximal Humerus
-
AP Shoulder - Internal Rotation
- Entire Clavicle
- Entire Scapula
- Proximal Humeus
-
Scapular Y
Proximal humerus superimposed over lateral scapula
-
Inferiorsuperior Axiolateral Projection of Shoulder
Lawrence Method
Lateral view of proximal humerus in relation to glenoid cavity
-
PA Shoulder
Hobbs Modification
Lateral view of proximal humerus in relation to glenoid cavity
-
Inferiosuerior Axial Projection of Shoulder
Clements Modification
Lateral view of proximal humerus in relation to glenoid cavity
-
AP Shoulder Oblique
Grashey Method
Glenoid cavity in profile
-
Tangential projection of Shoulder
Intertubercular Groove
Fisk Modification
Intertubercular groove
-
Shoulder - Supraspinatous Outlet
Neer Method
Coracoacromial arch above humeral head
-
AP Apical Oblique Axial Shoulder
Garth Method
- Humeral Head
- Glenoid cavity
- Head of scapula
-
AP Scapula
Entire scapula
-
Lateral Scapul
Entire scapula projected free from ribs, clear of costal superimposition
-
Oblique Scapula
Oblique view of entire scapula
-
AP Clavicle
Clavicle to include AC joint and SC joint
-
Axial Clavicle
Axial view of clavicle
-
AC Joints with and without weights
Both AC joints compared with and without joints to look for AC separation.
-
AP, Oblique, Lateral Toe
Metatarsal and phalanges
-
AP Foot
Entire foot except talus and calcaneus
-
Oblique foot
Entire foot except talus and calcaneus
-
Lateral Foot ( Mediolateral lateral )
Entire foot to include ankle joint
-
Plantodorsal Calcaneus
Entire calcaneus to include talcocalcaneal joint
-
Calcaneus - Medolateral Lateral
- Calcaneus in profile
- Talus
- Distal tib-fib
- Navicular
- Open joint space of calcaneus and cuboid distally
-
AP Ankle
- Distal tib-fib
- Entire andle joint
- Proximal half of metatarsals
- Fifth metatarsal
-
Lateral Ankle - Mediolateral lateral
- Lateral view of Distal tib-fib
- Talus
- Calcaneus
- Base of Fifth metatarsal
-
Oblique Ankle
- Lateral view of Distal tib-fib
- Talus
- Calcaneus
- Base of Fifth metatarsal
-
AP Tib-Fib
Entire tib-fib to include ankle and knee joint
-
Lateral Tib-fib
Entire tib-fib to include ankle and knee joint
-
AP Knee
- Knee joint
- Patella
- Distal Femur
- Proximal Tib-fib
-
Oblique Knee
- Knee joint
- Patella
- Distal Femur
- Proximal Tib-fib
-
Lateral Knee
- Distal Femur
- Proximal tib-fib
- Superimposed Condyles
-
AP Lower Femur
Mid- and distal femur, to include knee joint
-
Lateral Lower Femur
Mid- and distal femur to include knee jont
-
Hip AP ( Proximal Femur AP )
- Acetabulum
- Femoral head and neck
- Trochanter
-
Hip Lateral ( mediolateral lateral )
Proximal Femur Lateral
- Lateral view of acetabulum
- Femoral Head
- Trochanters
-
Axiolateral Trauma Hip
Danelius-Miller
Lateral view of:
- Acetabulum
- Head of femur
- Neck of femur
- Trochanter
-
-
LPO / RPO SI Joints
SI joint furthest from IR
-
AP Pelvis
- Pelvic girdle
- L5
- Sacrum
- Coccyx
- Femoral head, neck, trochanters
-
Pelvis - Modified Cleaves / Frogleg
- Pelvic girdle
- L5
- Sacrum
- Coccyx
- Lateral views of Femoral head, neck, trochanters
-
Lateral C-Spine
- Vertebral bodies
- Spinous processes
- Intervertebral joints
- Interarticular joints
-
Odontoid
- Dens
- Vertebral body of C2
- Lateral masses of C1 and C2
-
-
RPO / LPO Axial C-spine
- Intervertebral foramen
- Pedicles farthest from IR
-
-
C-spine Flexion / Extension
- Vertebral bodies
- Spinous Processes
- Intervertebral joints
- Interarticular joints
-
-
C-spine Ottonello Metthod / Wagging Jaw
Dens
-
AP T-spine
- Vertebral bodies
- Intervertebral joints
- Transverse Processes
- Spinous processes
-
Lateral T-spine
- Vertebral bodies
- Intervertebral joints
- Intervertebral foramen
-
Swimmers T-spine
C7 - T1 space?
-
AP Lspine
- Vertebral bodies
- Transverse processes
- Spinous processes
-
L-spine AP Axial "Upshot"
- L5 - S1 joint space
- SI joints
-
L-spine Oblique RPO, LPO
- Interarticular joints
- Scottie Dog
-
L-spine Lateral
- Vertebral bodies
- Intervertebral Joints
- Spinous processes
- Intervertebral Foramina
-
L-spine Cone-down / L5-S1 cone-down
Lateral view of L5 - S1 joint space
-
AP Axial Sacrum
- Sacrum
- SI Joints
- L5-S1 joint space
-
AP Axial Coccyx
Coccyx free from superimposition
-
Lateral Sacrum
- Lateral view of L5-S1 joint space
- Lateral view of sacrum
-
RAO Sternum
Sternum over heart shadow
-
Lateral Sternum
Lateral view of sternum
-
-
RAO, LAO oblique SC joints
SC Joints
-
Esophagram
Mouth to Cardiac Antrum
-
UGI
Pharynx to cardiac antrum
-
AP Axial Skull
Townes Method
- Occipital bone
- Petrous pyramids
- Foramen Magnum
-
PA Axial Skull
Caldwell Method
- Frontal bone
- Superior Orbital Fissures
- Frontal Ethmoid Sinuses
This projects petrous ridges into lower 1/3 of orbits
-
Lateral Skull
- Parietal bones
- Sella Turcica
- Entire Lateral cranium closest to film
-
PA Axial Facial Bones
Caldwell
- Orbital Rim
- Maxilla
- Nasal Septum
-
Lateral Facial Bones
- Superimposed facial bones
- Greater Wings
- Orbital roofs
- Sella Turcica
-
Parietoacanthial Projection Facial Bones
Waters View - Facial Bones
- Infraorbital Rim
- Maxilla
- Nasal Septum
- Zygomatic bone
-
Modified Waters
Entire orbital Rim
-
Lateral Nasal Bones
Nasal Bone and soft tissue
-
Submentovertex / SMV - Zygomas
Zygomatic Arches
-
Parieto-orbital
Rhese Method
Orbit with optic foramen within it
-
PA Mandible
- Mandibular Rami
- Lateral portion of body of mandible
-
Axiolateral Mandible ( bilateral )
Body and rami of mandible
-
AP Axial TMJ
Modified Townes TMJ
- TMJ closest to IR
- Condyle within mandibular fossa ( closed )
- Condyle anterior to mandibular fossa ( open )
-
Axiolateral Oblique TMJ
Modified Law TMJ
- TMJ closest to IR
- Condyle within mandibular fossa ( closed )
- Condyle anterior to mandibular fossa ( open )
-
Lateral Sinus View
All four sinuses:
- Frontal
- Ethmoid
- Sphenoid
- Maxillary
-
Caldwell Sinus View
- Frontal sinuses
- Ethmoid sinuses
-
Waters Sinus View
Oblique view of frontal sinuse
-
SMV Sinuses
- Sphenoid
- Ethmoid
- Maxillary sinuses
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