chapter 15: Urinary System

• eliminate, nitrogenous wastes and toxins
• regulating and maintaining homeostasis
• H20 balance
• electrolytes
• acid-base balance in blood
• blood press. 
• RBC production
• Vitamin D Activation

• kidneys
• ureters
• urinary bladder

• retroperitoneal - between posterior body wall and left parietal peritoneum
• at level T12 to L3 of vertebrae

• renal hilum = medial indented rgn. where ureters, renal blood vessels, and nerves enter/exit
• adrenal gland - endocrine gland is superior to each kidney
• fibrous capsule - outer covering of kidney

• renal cortex - outer region
• renal medulla - inner regiorenal pelvis = medial rn. with funnel like tubes containing calyces - cup shaped extensions of renal pelvis

abdominal aorta --> renal artery 00> segmental artery --> interlobar artery --> arcuate artery --> coritcal radial --> afferent arteriole --> glomerulus --> efferrent arteriole --> peritubular

• peritublar capillaries --> cortical radiate vein --> arcuate vein --> interlobar vein --> renal vein --> inf. vena cava
• no segmental vein

functional units of kidneys = produce urine containing two structures 1) renal corpuscle, 2) renal tubule

• made up of glomerulus - knot of capillaries voered with podocytes
• glomerular (bowman's) capsule - surrounds glomerulus

• starts at glomerular capsule ends at collecting duct with sections of renal tubule in order
• glomerular bowman's capsule
• proximal convulated tubule
• nephron loop

• cotrical nephrons = most nephrons in cortex
• juxtamedullary nephrons - nephron loop dips into medulla

collecting ducts get urine from both nephron types

glomerulus and peritubular capillaries

• function - filtration
• afferent arteriole = O2 rich blood into glomerulus
• efferent arteriole = O2 rich blood exits glomerulus
• high press. in glomerulus due to narrower efferent arteriole

• O2 + CO2 exchange
• low pressure of capillaries clings close to renal tubule to reabsorb substances
• draining of interlobar veins