Digestive System

mucous cells produce alkaline mucus where gastric glands within gastric pits secrete gastric juices containing intrinsic factor - which is needed to absorb vitamin B12

• gastric pits produce pepsinogens - protein digesting enzymes
• parietal cells = produce HCL
• entereoendocrine cells - produce gastrin hormone

• consists of a muscular tube from the pyoloric sphicter to the ileocecal valve which is suspended from the posterior abdominal wall by the mesentary
• it is the site of nutrient absorption into blood

• duodenum
• jejunum
• illeum
• where the large intestine meets the ileocecal valve

• includes enzyme produced by intestinal cells, pancreas
• pancreatic ducts carry enzymes to duodenum which contains bile
• made in liver and stored in gall bladder where it enters in the duodenum

• greater surface area for absorption of nutrients due to 
• microvilli - tiny projections of plasma membrane.
• villi - fingerlike projections of mucosa with capillaries
• circular folds - folds o mucosa and submucosa

• larger in diameter, shorter length than small intestine
• illeocecal valve to anus
• expels indigestable food reside from the body (producing feces)

• ascending colon includes digested food where it travels up R side of abdominal cavity.
• transverse colon - travels across
• descending colon - down L side
• sigmoid colon - S-shaped, enters pelvis

• external anal sphincter = skeletal muscle, voluntary control
• internal anal sphincter - smooth muscle, involuntary
• sphincters normally closed except during defecation

• includes teeth
• salivary glands
• pancreas
• liver
• gallbladder

• 32 permanent teeth
• classified anteriorly to posterior 
• incisors
• canines
• premolars
• molars