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Health
- The state of a human when it functions optimally without evidence of disease
- or abnormality
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Nutrition, study of:
- • the nutrients in foods;
- • how nutrients are used in the body; and
- • human behaviours related to food.
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Diet
the foods and beverages a person usually eats and drinks
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Food
any substance that the body can take in and assimilate that will enable it to stay alive and healthy
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Nutritional genomics
The science of how nutrients affect the activities of genes and how genes affect the activity of nutrients
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Nutrients
- Components in food that are indispensable (or essential) to the functioning of the body.
- Nutrients provide energy and building material used to help maintain or repair the body and support growth
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6 classes of nutrients, divided into their two groups
- Energy providing
- carbohydrate
- fat
- protein
- Other Nutrients water
- vitamins
- minerals
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Essential nutrients
The nutrients that the body cannot make for itself from other raw materials
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There are 8 essential amino acids (TV TILL PM)
- Threonine, Valine
- Tryptophan, Isoleucine, Leucine
- Lysine, Phenylalanine, Methionine
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2 Essential Fatty acids
linoleic acid
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All minerals are essential
- 3 fat soluble (A, D, E), 1 conditional (K)
- all water soluble
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essential minerals
all minerals are essential
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Conditionally essential nutrients
- Some nutrients are conditionally essential,
- Body cannot alone make enough to meet body's requirements (e.g., the amino acid histidine during periods of growth).
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Non-essential nutrients
Nutrients the body can make for itself, therefore does not have to rely on our food intake (e.g., some amino acids, some fatty acids).
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calorie
energy required to raise ___of water by 1C
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Food energy is measured in calories
- CHO=4cal/g (kcal/g)
- fat 9cal/g
- protein 4cal/g
- alcohol 7cal/g
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Five Characteristics of Healthy Diets
- Adequate
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- balance
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- calorie control
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- moderation
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- variety
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Dietary guidelines and nutrition objectives
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Nutrient density
- A measure of nutrients provided per calorie of food
- high nutrient low calorie = high nutrient density
- (more nutrients/calorie)
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epidemiological study
population
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intervention study
population with manipulation
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laboratory study
tightly controlled conditions
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