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nystatin (Mycostatin)
Antifungal
- Therapeutic class: antifungal
- Preg cat: C
- MOA: Binds to membrane sterols in fungal cell causing leakage-kill son contact
- Indications: Topical fungal infections or oral fungal infections. depending on infection route may differ.
- Contraindications: hypersensitivity
- Adverse: skin irritation
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amphotericin (Fungizone)
- Therapeutic class: Antifungal
- Preg: B
- MOA: Binds to membrane sterols in fungal cell causing leakage-kills on contact
- Indications: effective against a wide range of fungi
- Contraindications: hypersensitivity
- Adverse: N/V, fever, chills, headache, nephrotoxicity
- Alerts: Infuse slowly IV, hold for elevated BUN or creatinine.
- Interactions: Many
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permethrin (Elimite, Nix)
scabicide, pediculicide
- Therapeutic class: Antiparasitic
- Preg: B
- MOA: Affects the nervous system of parasite causing paralysis, they did in 24-48 hours because they're unable to feed.
- Indications: scabies, parasites
- Contraindications: Hypersensitivity
- Adverse: itching, burning, rash, redness, edema
- Alert: Caution with asthma, lactating or inflamed skin. Wear gloves-for lice-medications should remain on on head for 10 mins. Itching may persist for up to 2-3 weeks. Avoid Face and groin
- 1% for Lice
- 5% for scabies
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mafenide acetate (Sulfamylon)
- Therapeutic class: antibacterial
- Preg: C
- MOA: Bacteriostatic: Interferes with bacterial cell-wall synthesis and metabolism Effective against gram negative organisms
- Indications: topical water soluble antibacterial agent in 2nd and 3rd degree burns.
- Contraindications: hypersensitivity
- Adverse: metabolic acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, blistering, superinfections. Life threatening reactions-Bone marrow suppression, fatal hemolytic anemia.
- Alert: Assess electrolytes and acid-base balance-BUN/creatinine
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Accutane
- Therapeutic class: Antiacne
- Preg: X
- MOA: decreases sebum production, causes apoptosis in sebaceous glands as well as others.
- Indications: decrease sebum production, severe acne with cysts.
- Contraindications: Pregnancy, sunburns, eczema, children under 12, hepatic disease, leukopenia, neutropenia
- Adverse: Bone pain, Fever, Headache, Nausea, Vomiting, Rash, Stomatitis, Pruritus, Sweating Ocular disorders 25% of patients develop retinoic acid syndrome (Fever, Weakness, Fatigue, Edema, Pulmonary involvement)
- Alert: occuations with prolonged sun exposure.
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Retinoid (Avita, Retin-A)
- Therapeutic class: antiacne
- Preg: C
- MOA: Carboxylic acid form of vitamin A-for skin turnover.
- Indications: Acne
- Contraindications:
- Adverse: Increased sensitivity to sunlight, Redness, Scaling erythema, Crusting and peeling of skin
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pilocarpine (Isoptocarpine)
- Therapeutic class: parasympathomimetic
- Preg: C
- MOA: muscarinic receptor agonist in PNS-causing contraction of iris sphincter muscles allowing an increase of aqueous outflow
- Indications: open and closed angle glaucoma
- Contraindications: narrow-angle glaucoma, hypersensitivity, pupillary block glaucoma, uncontrolled asthma,
- Adverse: Dyspnea, Hypertension, Tachycardia, Retinal detachment, Bronchospasm [long term use]
- Antidote: Atropine
- Alert: Apply pressure to lacrimal ducts in order to prevent systemic effects.
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mydriasis causes what to the eyes?
Dilation of pupils-cycloplegics-used for eye exams. not use for patient with glaucoma due to potential for glaucoma attack.
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Myosis is what condition of the eye?
Constriction
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what is timoptic used for?
- Is a non selective beta 1 and beta 2 adrenergic receptor blocking agent which reduces vasodilation. decreases cardiac output and also causes a decrease in aqueous humor and an increase in outflow.
- Decreasing production of aqueous-decreasing intraocular pressure. used for open angle glaucoma, ocular hypertension, migraines, HTN.
- adverse effects: Bronchoconstriction( caution with asthma patients), dysrhythmias, hypotension, burning
- Alert: remain immobile for 5 minutes before driving.
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what is xalatan used for?
- believed to reduce intraocular pressure by increasing the outflow of aqueous humor.
- dilates trabecular meshwork.Used for ocular hypertension and open angle glaucoma.
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Glaucoma
- increased Intraocular pressure.
- if left untreated leads to optic nerve damage
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auralgan anesthetic
is an otic solution containing antipyrine, benzocaine, and dehydrated glycerin.
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Ottis media
- inflammation behind the tympanic membrane-with accumulation of fluids. viral or bacterial
- 48-72 hours is watchful waiting for children 2 years and older due to most being viral.
- Can cause conductive hearing loss later in life.
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Long term use of prednisone can lead to?
Cataracts.
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