#2 A&P Final

  1. sodium-potassium pump accounts for how much of body's ATP use?
    At rest, accounts for 6% total body ATPuse
  2. obligatory water reabsorption accounts for how much of water reabsorption?
    90%
  3. What effects does PTH have and where do these effects take place?
    PTH stimulates reabsorption of Ca2+ in the DCT. It also inhibits phosphate reabsorption in the PCT, enhancing its excretion
  4. Describe the changing osmolarity of the filtrate as it passes through the various structure in the nephron in the production of dilute urine.
    • When dilute urine is formed, osmolarity inthe tubule:
    • 1. Increases in the descending limb
    • 2. Decreases in the ascending limb
    • 3. Decreases more in the collecting duct
  5. How is the osmotic gradient in the kidney created?
    Osmotic gradient is created by the Countercurrent Multiplier. 

    Solutes are pumped out of ascending limb, but water stays in tubule, hence Medulla osmolarity is increased
  6. Routine urinalysis primarily evaluates for the presence of what abnormalities in the urine?
    • Presence of:
    •  
    • Albumin
    • Glucose
    • Red blood cells
    • Ketone bodies
    • Microbes
  7. Urine is transported through the ureter using what processes?
    Each ureter transports urine from a renal pelvis by peristaltic waves, hydrostatic pressure, and gravity.
  8. What is the bladder and what is its volume capacity?
    The bladder is a hollow, distensible, muscular organ with a capacity averaging 700–800 mL.
  9. how much urea is excreted in the urine each day?
    30 g  (about half of what is in filtrate)
  10. How much creatinine is excreted in the urine each day?
    1.6 g (all is excreted, none reabsorbed)
  11. What test is used to measure kidney function?
    plasma creatinine
  12. Anorexia, starvation, or a diet too low in carbohydrates indicates which condition?
    Ketonuria
  13. What is natriuresis?
    excretion of sodium in the urine
  14. This lies in the anterior corner of the trigone of the bladder.
    internal urethral orifice
  15. This is the main factor that determines body fluid volume.
    urinary salt loss
  16. This hormone is released when the blood volume increases.
    ANP
  17. Consumption of salty food will cause an increase in this hormone.
    ADH
  18. list the functions of the kidneys
    Regulation of blood ionic composition, regulation of blood pH, regulation of blood volume, regulation of blood pressure, maintenance of blood osmolarity, production of hormones, regulation of blood glucose levels, excretion of wastes and foreign substances.
  19. What does NFP stand for?
    Net filtration pressure
  20. How much net pressure is in the glomerulus that is creating filtrate?
    10 mm Hg
  21. How much blood is delivered to the kidneys per minute?
    about 1 L/min
Author
mikepl103
ID
319979
Card Set
#2 A&P Final
Description
#2 A&P Final
Updated