#1 A&P Final

Although kidneys constitute less than 0.5% of totalbody mass, they receive 20–25% of resting cardiacoutput

False, it is secreted by the synctiotrophoblast.

Renal nerves primarily carry sympathetic outflow.

Collecting duct>papillary duct>minor calyx>major calyx>renal pelvis>ureter>urinary bladder

Mesangial cells are contractile and helpregulate glomerular filtration.

The Glomerular (Bowman’s) Capsule has avisceral layer of podocytes which wraparound the capillaries. Podocytes form pedicels, between which arefiltration slits.

The ascending loop contacts the afferentarteriole at the macula densa.

The wall of the arteriole contains smooth muscle cells; juxtaglomerular cells.

principal cells are receptors for ADH and aldosterone

intercalated cells help to manageblood pH

juxtamedullary nephrons

cortical

150-180L.

High GFR diminishes reabsorption. Macula Densa inhibits the release of nitric oxide (which causes vasodilation) and afferent arterioles constrict

Angiotensin II constricts afferents andefferents, diminishing GFR.

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide relaxes mesangialcells increasing capillary surface area andHormonal Regulationcells, GFR.

about 1-2 L

The glomerular hydrostatic pressure is the blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries. The pressure tends to push water and solute molecules out of the plasma and into the filtrate.

NHP stands for net filtration pressure. The net filtration pressure is the difference between the glomerular hydrostatic pressure and the capsular hydrostatic pressure.

blood colloid osmotic pressure

The NFP is calculated by the difference between the net hydrostatic pressure and the blood colloid osmotic pressure

50 mm Hg

15 mm Hg

25 mm Hg