-
1-4
- 1. Nasal-frontal hinge
- 2. Premaxilla
- 3. Maxilla
- 4. Jugal bone/jugal arch
-
5-9
- 5. Palatine
- 6. Pterygoid
- 7. quadrate
- 8. temporal
- 9. mandible
-
10 - 13
- 10. external acoustic meatus
- 11. occipital bone
- 12. orbit
- 13. interorbital septum
-
Effect of cranial kinesis
- 1. wider mouth
- 2. upper jaw is moveable & independent of lower
- 3. skull maintains position while jaw moves
-
The bony part around the eye
scleral ossicles
-
fused ribs are called
pleurapophyses
-
4 fused thoracic vertebrae
notarium
-
fused caudal vertebrae
pygostyle
-
the pelvis is composed of (4)
synsacrum, ilium, ischium, pubis
-
The parts of the ribs
- dorsal rib
- ventral rib
- uncinate process
-
where are the floating ribs found?
cervical vertebrae
-
Bones of the hyoid apparatus
- entoglossal
- basihyal
- urohyal
- ceratobranchial (paired)
- epibranchial (paired)
-
- 1.Entoglossal
- 2. Basihyal
- 3. ceratobranchial
- 4. epibranchial
- 5. urohyal
-
Bones of the thoracic girdle
scapula, coracoid, furcula
-
junction of scapula, coracoid, & furcula
triosseal canal
-
where is the carpometacarpus located?
proximal to digit III
-
The most distal digit of the wing
Digit II
-
Where is Digit I located?
Proximal carpometacarpus
-
Digit I on the wing is called
alula
-
Digit 1 on the pelvic limb is called
Hallux
-
How many phalanges for each pelvic limb digit
- Digit I - 2 phalanges
- Digit II - 3 phalanges
- Digit III - 4 phalanges
- Digit IV - 5 phalanges
-
Name digits of the wing from proximal to distal and include number of phalanges
- Digit I - 2 phalanges
- Digit III - 1 phalanx
- Digit II - 2 phalanges
-
Which species does not have a renal fossa?
ratites
-
foramina where the diverticula from the air sacs enter
pneumatic foramina
-
all bones must have a ______ foramina
nutrient
-
new woven bone laid down prior to laying season is called
medullary bone
-
pneumatic bones contain ____ instead of marrow/fat
trabeculae/struts
-
This muscle lies under the pectoralis muscle
supracoracoideus m.
-
The two flight muscles
- pectoralis
- supracoracoideus
-
Dorsal wing muscles from proximal to distal
- propatagialis complex
- major deltoid
- triceps brachii
- extensor metacarpi radialis
- supinator
- common digital extensor
- extensor metacarpi ulnaris
- ectepicondylo-ulnaris
-
Ventral wing muscles
- triceps brachii
- biceps brachii
- extensor metacarpi radialis
- superficial pronator
- deep pronator
- flexor carpi ulnaris
-
- 1.propatagium
- 2. postpatagium
- 3. metapatagium
-
What is done during pinioning?
sectioning a part of the tendon of extensor metacarpi radialis m and amputation of the digits
-
Action of propatagialis complex
tenses the propatagium, extends carpus & digits, flexes elbow
-
action of major deltoid m.
pulls wing caudally and dorsally
-
action of extensor metacarpi radialis m.
flexes elbow, extends carpus
-
action of supinator m.
elevates cranial edge of wing
-
common digital extensor m. action
extends carpus and flattens alula against carpometacarpus
-
Action of the Ectepicondylo-ulnaris m.
flex elbow & elevate forearm
-
extensor metacarpi ulnaris m. action
flexes elbow and carpus
-
Muscles of the crus
- Gastrocnemius m., medial head
- Fibularis longus m
- cranial tibial m.
-
muscles of the antebrachium from cranial to caudal when viewing dorsally
- extensor metacarpi radialis m.
- supinator m.
- common digital extensor m.
- extensor metacarpi ulnaris m.
-
muscles on the ventral antebrachium from cranial to caudal
- extensor metacarpi radialis m.
- superficial & deep pronator mm.
- flexor carpi ulnaris m.
-
action of the cranial tibial m.
flexor of the hock
-
action of the fibularis longus m.
extend and abduct the hock
-
action of the gastrocnemius m.
extend the hock & flex the digits
-
muscles encountered during fracture repair of the tibiotarsus
- gastrocnemius
- fibularis longus
- cranial tibial
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