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The primary goal of infection control when handling and disinfecting impressions, dentures, and appliances is to:
A. protect the patient from the laboratory personnel
B. protect the laboratory personnel from the patient
C. prevent contamination of the equipment in the dental laboratory
D. prevent cross contamination

The term used for the setting of hydrocolloid impression materials is:

(T/F) Direct restorative materials are fabricated in the dental lab.

Air incorporated into a gypsum mix results in:

Why is a dental stone vibrated after mixing?
A. the vibration makes the mixture more dense by removing any trapped air pockets
B. the vibration halts the reaction and allows extended pouring times
C. the vibration shakes up any remaining particles
D. the mixing is not uniform and vibration completes the mixing

The Brinell and Knoop tests are used in determining:

Model plaster is:
A. type II gypsum
B. type I gypsum
C. type IV gypsum
D. type III gypsum

What is another name for a dental material's stiffness?

For most dental materials that include water in the composition, the onset of setting is signified by:
A. maximum reaction heat generation
B. loss of gloss
C. change in color
D. change in translucency

When an agar impression slightly contracts and exudes water, it is termed:
A. syneresis
B. gelation
C. hysteresis
D. imbibition

Which of the following materials undergoes imbibition?
A. dental wax
B. alginate impression material
C. dental cements
D. dental amalgam

Immediately after an impression is taken, it must be rinsed under running water to remove saliva or blood. This step is essential before the impression can be disinfected.

Agar-agar transforms from a fluid paste to a rubber like solution by a (blank) process.
a. chemical
b. physical

Which of the following is NOT a flexible impression material?
A. polyvinyl siloxane
B. ZOE
C. condensation silicone
D. polysulfide
E. polyether

An increase in the temperature of the water used in mixing irreversible hydrocolloids will:

The chief difference between model plaster powder and dental stone powder is:
A. shelf life
B. chemical formula
C. solubility in water
D. particle size and shape

Coefficient of thermal expansion is:
A. amount of material that dissolved in a given amount of liquid in a given amount of time
B. rate of heat flow through a material
C. a change in dimension or shape of a material due to stress
D. measurement of change in volume in relation to change in temperature

Which of these non-aqueous impression materials is most commonly used today?
A. silicon rubber
B. polysulfide rubber
C. polyether rubber
D. polyvinyl siloxane

What is the chemical composition of set gypsum products?
A. calcium sulfate monohydrate
B. calcium sulfate hemihydrate
C. calcium sulfate dihydrate
D. calcium sulfate trihydrate
E. calcium sulfate unhydrate

(T/F) A liquid with high viscosity has a good wetting ability.

(T/F) Another name for a dental bridge is a fixed partial denture.

Glass ionomers are popular because they:
a. release fluoride
b. have adhesive properties
c. can be used under posterior composite restorations
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

(T/F) When fabricating ceramic restorations, sintering changes the porcelain powder into a solid.

(T/F) Non-precious alloys with high melting temperatures are nickel and silver.

(T/F) When classifying casting alloys according to the ADA, the differences are predominantly strength and elongation.

(T/F) An abutment (retainer) is the portion of a fixed bridge that replaces the missing tooth.

(T/F) Precious metals are classified based on cost.

One disadvantage of dental porcelain restorations is:
A. matching tooth color
B. radioactivity
C. expansion
D. brittleness

The difference between an inlay and an onlay is that:
A. an inlay is made of silver; an only is made of gold
B. an inlay should not exceed one-half the intercuspal distance, while an onlay covers the cusps
C. there is no difference between an inlay and an onlay
D. an onlay should not exceed one-half the intercuspal distance, while an inlay covers the cusps

Which of the following is true concerning the first application of dental porcelain to a porcelain fused to metal crown?
A. the first layer is called "opaque" and effectively covers the metallic sheen of the underlying casting
B. the first layer is called "glaze" and provides reduction of surface oxides on the metal casting
C. the first layer is called "incisal" and provides a stable substrate for additional layers
D. the first layer is called "body" and is very translucent

The casting process requires:
A. a mold space into which the molten metal flows
B. a and c only
C. a, b, and c only
D. a refractory material that expands to compensate for the shrinkage of the metal upon cooling
E. creating a wax pattern

Which of the following groups of metallic elements would be called precious or noble for their ability to resist corrosion?
A. gold, silver, and platinum
B. silver, copper, and mercury
C. silver, gold, and annealed copper-ruthenium
D. copper, palladium, and silver

Which of the following is a disadvantage of using a gold alloy for indirect restorations?
A. poor biocompatibility
B. high strength and durability
C. susceptibility to corrosion and tarnish
D. lack of esthetic qualities

The purpose of a temporary crown is:
a. esthetics
b. protection
c. maintaining space
d. all of the above

Which of the following materials is not used for indirect restorations?
A. composite materials
B. amalgam alloys
C. gold alloys
D. ceramic materials

An alloy that is 50% gold by weight is what caratage?
A. 12
B. 18
C. 8
D. 6
E. 24

In casting a restoration for a patient, the proper sequence of events is:
A. polish, wax, invest, burn out, cast
B. wax, invest, burn out, cast, polish
C. wax, burn out, invest, cast, polish
D. cast, wax, polish, invest, burn out

An alloy that is 25% gold by weight is what caratage?
A. 10 carat
B. 25 carat
C. 12 carat
D. 6 carat

Another name for a 3 unit dental bridge with two consecutive abutments and a pontic is (abutment #28, abutment #29, pontic #30):
A. fixed partial denture
B. cantilever bridge
C. removable partial
D. single span dental appliance

An indirect restoration used when a cusp is in need of replacement but a full crown is not indicated is a/an:
A. veneer
B. only
C. inlay
D. jacket

What population(s) benefit from the ART technique?
A. elderly
B. children
C. special needs patients
D. low-income patients with no access to a traditional dental office
E. all choices are correct

An example of an indirect restorative material is:
A. composite restoration
B. glass ionomer restoration
C. amalgam restoration
D. gold inlay

Originally in dentistry, what did ART stand for?
A. Always Restore Teeth
B. Atraumatic Restorative Technique
C. Atraumatic Revival of Teeth

What is/are the benefit(s) of the ART technique?
A. hand instruments are used
B. simple technique to scoop out the decay
C. local anesthetic is not necessary
D. affordable way to provide dental care
E. all answers are correct

Newer types of composite materials are radiographically easier to distinguished from older type composites due to the fact that the newer composite materials:
A. have improved compressive strength
B. have improved stress and strain capabilities
C. have improved elastic properties
D. contain radiopaque filler particles

The size of the filler particles in a dental composite determines the:
A. polymerization reaction
B. surface smoothness of the resulting restoration
C. technique for incremental additions
D. etching time before the primer and adhesive are placed

The specific amount of composite (thickness) that us cured by a light source is termed:
A. incremental polymerization
B. incremental addition
C. addition polymerization
D. depth of cure
E. depth of addition

Which type of abrasive looks like a grayish-black sand and sometimes called "corundum"?
A. Emery
B. Black sand
C. Aluminum oxide
D. Silex
E. Garnet

Which type of abrasive is produced from volcanoes and is used in the laboratory to finish acrylic denture bases and on restorative materials, such as gold, amalgam, and gold foil?
A. Garnet
B. corundum
C. Silex
D. calcium carbonate
E. Cuttle
d. pumice
g. aluminum oxide
h. sand

Which abrasive is also known as calcium carbonate?
A. Silex
B. Whiting
C. Tin oxide
D. Cuttle
E. Pumice

Which of the following factors affect the rate of abrasion?
a. Pressure
b. Lubrication
c. Speed
d. Grit
e. Size of the prophy cup
f. Color of the polishing paste
g. all of the above
h. a, b, c, and e only
i. a, b, d, and f only
j. a, b, c, and d only

(T/F) Carbon steel burs are made by packing powdered metal pieces into a mold and then sintering. They are harder than tungsten carbide burs and retain a sharper cutting edge longer than those made of tungsten carbide.

(T/F) The process of producing the final shape and contour of a restoration is called cutting.

APF (acidulated phosphate fluoride) is not recommended for the following dental materials:
A. composite and glass ionomer only
B. glass ionomer, composites, and porcelain
C. gold, composite, and porcelain
D. composite and porcelain restorations

The margins of a cast restorations can be altered by instrumentation with curettes, scalers, and explorers. A suggested technique for deposit removal in these areas is to use:
A. a vertical stroke, but only with anterior instruments
B. a vertical stroke, as used on nature tooth structure
C. an oblique or horizontal stroke, with appropriate instruments
D. only ultrasonic scalers

What are the polishing agents of choice for polishing a gold crown intraorally?
a. coarse prophy paste
b. green stones
c. white stones
d. tin oxide
e. silex
f. any of the above
g. b, d, and e
h. d only
i. d and e only

Tarnish is:
A. caused by a corrosive attack that produces a film or surface later on a metal and may protect the metal and prevent corrosion
B. caused by insufficient drying after ultrasonic cleaning
C. caused by a wet environment
D. caused when two dissimilar metal touch each other

Which of the following sterilizers is the most effective for destroying pathogenic organisms or vegetative forms?
A. steal autoclave
B. unsaturated chemical vapor
C. dry heat
D. cold sterile chemical solutions

The main components of stainless steel alloy are:
A. iron, aluminum, and nickel
B. chromium, iron, and nickel
C. carbon steel, tin, and nickel
D. tin, chromium, and nickel
E. iron, silver, and nickel

The standard protocol for stream autoclaving (not rapid steam heat) is:
A. 350 degrees F and 27 psi for at least 6 minutes
B. 320 degrees F for 2 hours
C. 270 degrees F and 20-40 psi for at least 30 mins
D. 270 degrees F and 27 psi for at least 15 minutes

(T/F) Electropolishing is a chemical process that creates a thin layer of chromium oxide on the surface of an instrument, thus protecting that metal from corroding.

A successfully etched enamel surface has a (blank) appearance.
A. ground glass
B. frosty, chalky white
C. translucent
D. shiny

In sealant placement, etching functions to do which of the following?
A. produce micropores in the enamel surface
B. increase surface tension
C. produce a hard, lustrous surface
D. expose a more porous dentin

The major factor in the failure of a pit and fissure sealant is:
A. etching for longer than the recommended time
B. omission of a post-application fluoride treatment
C. salivary contamination of the etched surface
D. insufficient rinsing after the resin hardens

The expected life of a sealant is:
A. ten to fifteen years
B. one to three months
C. three to five years
D. depends on the patient's age

When mixing cements, the powder to liquid ratio depends on the:
A. a, b, and c
B. mixing techniques used
C. intended use
D. manufacturer's instructions
E. a and b

Zinc oxide eugenol cement is used for a:
A. b and c
B. base under composite restorations
C. cement for temporary crowns
D. sedative base
e. all of the above

To protect the pulp in a tooth with a tiny pulp exposure, which of the following materials is mixed and placed in the cavity preparation first?
A. calcium hydroxide
B. zinc phosphate
C. copal varnish
D. miracle mix
E. ZOE

Which of the following statements is false regarding bases and liners?
A. a liner is relatively thin in comparison to a base
B. a base is stronger and thicker than a liner
C. a liner does not provide the same strength and thermal insulation as a base
D. a liner provides good thermal insulation

Which of the following is NOT indicated for final cementation for luting of indirect restorations?
A. glass ionomer cement
B. calcium hydroxide cement
C. zinc phosphate cement

Glass ionomers are popular because they:
a. release fluoride
b. have true adhesive properties
c. can be used under posterior composite restorations
d. all of the above

Cement liners are:
A. used frequently today
B. a and c
C. provide adequate thermal insulation
D. used to protect the pulp from chemical irritation
e. all of the above

What solution should be used to clean the ZOE and other dental cements?
A. oleic acid
B. orange solvent
C. water

Zinc phosphate may be used as a:
1. luting agent for permanent cementation of a full gold crown
2. high strength base under a restoration
3. cavity liner
4. temporary restoration

A. 1 and 3
B. 1 and 2
C. 1, 2, and 3
d. all of the above

Dental cements are used for:
a. luting agents
b. pulp protection
c. temporary restorations
d. all of the above

When used as a base, zinc phosphate's greatest physical characteristics is its:
A. compressive strength
B. pH
C. adhesive qualities
D. solubility

A glass slab should be cooled when mixing zinc phosphate cement to:
A. maintain free zinc oxide in the set cement
B. maintain the proper acid-water ratio
C. increase the powder-liquid ratio
D. accelerate the setting time

Which of the following dental materials promotes the formation of secondary dentin?
A. silicate cements
B. composite cements
C. temporary cements
D. calcium hydroxide cement

The liquid component of polycarboxylate cement is:
A. phosphoric acid
B. eugenol
C. polyacrylic acid

Which one of the following cements will produce an exothermic reaction upon mixing?
A. composite cements
B. calcium hydroxide cement
C. glass ionomer cement
D. polycarboxylate cement
E. zinc phosphate cement

(T/F) Glass ionomer cements are the strongest and least soluble of dental cements.

(T/F) Glass ionomers can be used as a luting agent only.

A bite registration is used to record a patient's bite pattern. It is also used to position upper and lower casts in the same relationship as the supporting tissue.

Tissue conditions are temporary materials because they:
A. are too expensive for permanent use
B. are always irritating to tissues
C. are not color stable over time
D. deteriorate quickly

The activator in the liquid component of the materials necessary to fabricate a denture is a tertiary amine. This activator is only present in cold cure components.

Which of the following should not be used to clean a cast partial denture?
A. soap and warm water
B. toothpaste
C. bleach
D. mouthwash

Most denture teeth used today are acrylic rather than porcelain. Porcelain teeth are softer than acrylic teeth and do not cause excessive wear on natural opposing teeth.

The principle advantage of ZOE cement over zinc phosphate cement is its:
A. low intraoral solubility
B. high mechanical strength
C. obtundant effect on the pulp
D. chemical reactivity with dentin

Mandibular dentures are easier to wear than maxillary. Saliva helps to improve the suction needed to hold a denture in place.

Heat activated acrylic resin systems are very similar to chemically activated systems. The major difference (or exception) is:
A. more inhibitor is present in the liquid of heat activated systems
B. heat activated systems have much less strength than chemically activated systems
C. no chemical activator is present in the liquid of heat activated systems
D. chemical activator is present in the liquid of heat activated systems

To repair a broken denture, a thin layer is ground off. Next, monomer is applied to the surfaces so that:
A. the finishing and polishing of the repair is made easier
B. the setting reaction of the repair is accelerated
C. the color of the resin powder does not change
D. some of the set material is dissolved

(T/F) Cold cure denture relines are just as strong as lab relined dentures.