Which one of the following is NOT a potential side effect of epinephrine?
B. bronchial constriction
All of the following are features of the IV route of administration EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION?
C. is the safest route
Drugs placed within the sulcular area are administered how?
a. parenterally
b. enterally
a. parenterally
Which of the following side effects is the most commonly occurring ADE?
D. GI disturbances
Tachyphylaxis is a condition related to
B. tolerance
Which of the following actions occurs when a drug stimulates beta-1 receptors?
B. increased heart rate
Amphetamine is used therapeutically in which of the following conditions?
A. narcolepsy
A recall patient returns after receiving radiotherapy for cancer of the head and neck. The hygienist identifies that the patient has salivary gland hypofunction in the form of xerostomia. The drug that may be prescribed for this condition is:
A. pilocarpine (Salagen)
Which of the following drug characteristics will increase the tendency of a drug to cross cell membranes?
D. nonionized and high lipid solubility
Drugs in Pregnancy Category X are considered to be:
teratogens
(T/F) A patient is described as hyporeactive when a drug produces a therapeutic effect at a dose lower than normal.
False
Which of the following terms describes the actions of a tablet on the body after ingestion and absorption?
A. pharmacodynamics
When managing an acute attack of angina during the dental appointment, which of the following routes of administration is preferred?
A. sublingual administration of a drug
Which of the following is an undesirable effect produced by a drug that has a predictable response and is dose related?
D. adverse effect
(T/F) Selective beta blockers produce fewer side effects than nonselective beta blockers.
True
The official name of a drug is the (blank) name.
generic
When two drugs are taken at the same time and drug A has a greater affinity for the albumin receptors, what effect will this have on drug B effects?
C. Drug B will have increased therapeutic and adverse effects
Which one of the following reduces the rate of drug absorption?
C. taking a drug following a meal
(T/F) Cholinergic drugs cause a parasympathetic effect.
True
Which of the following receptors cause bronchodilation?
C. Beta-2
Before dental hygiene therapy, which of the following should be given to a client with a history of infective endocarditis who allergic to penicillin?
D. clindamycin
Which of the following conditions is a potential ADE most associated with cancer chemotherapy?
A. mucositis
Which of the antidepressant agents can interact with vasoconstrictors in local anesthetics?
C. amitriptyline
All of the following are effects of benzodiazepines EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION?
D. blockage of GABA receptors in CNS
Which of the following analgesics has the least likelihood to interact with warfarin (Coumadin) to prolong bleeding?
E. Tylenol
When warfarin is taken, which of the following lab tests and values is safe for periodontal debridement (according to LCC policies and procedures)?
INR less than 3
Gingival hyperplasia is a common side effect of
A. nifedipine (Procardia)
Hepatotoxicity is associated frequently with overdoses of which of the following drugs?
B. acetaminophen
Orally administered drugs must pass through the liver (via the hepatic portal vein) prior to reaching general circulation and site of action. This is referred to as:
First-pass metabolism
A patient taking digitalis probably has which condition?
B. congestive heart failure
A dry cough is associated with which of the following drugs?
A. ramipril (Altace)
Persons who have chronic constipation should be given which of the following drugs with caution?
B. codeine
All of the following are in the serotonin reuptake inhibitor drug class EXCEPT one. Which is the exception?
B. tranylcypromine (Pamate)
Which of the following benzodiazepines is best for children?
C. midazolam (Versed)
(T/F) Aspirin reversibly binds to platelets and interferes with the production of thromboxane A2, a substance that stimulates platelet aggregation.
False
The prototype thiazide diuretic is:
HCTZ
(hydrochlorothiazide)
Dysgeusia is:
Reduced taste sensation
(T/F) Use of epinephrine is an absolute contraindication in patients taking a nonselective beta-blocker such as propranolol.
False
Tonic-clonic seizure disorder is commonly treated with which of the following drugs?
C. phenytoin
Which of the following antibiotics are bactericidal?
B. metrondiazole
Agents such as albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin)cause bronchodilation by binding to what receptors?
Beta 2
(T/F) Use of epinephrine is an absolute contraindication in patients taking a non-selective beta-blocker such as propranolol.
False
Benzodiazepines are categorized in which schedule on the Controlled Substances Chart?
Schedule IV
The cause of death from overdose of any central nervous system depressant is usually
D. respiratory failure
Which of the following drug classes is indicated for the management of schizophrenia?
B. antipsychotics
Application of a transdermal patch is an example of parenteral administration because the drug is delivered in a manner that bypasses the gastrointestinal tract.
Both statements are true.
Use of nitrous oxide/oxygen conscious sedation is contraindicated in patients with
B. inner ear infection
The drug of choice for immediate treatment of anaphylactic reaction in the dental office is
B. epinephrine
One reason epi is combined with a local anesthetic is
D. to increase the duration of action of the anesthetic
If a patient develops tolerance to a drug, that means
C. he has developed a need for an increase in dosage to produce the usual effect of the drug
Which of the following local anesthetics can be administered intravenously to treat cardiac arrhythmias?
D. lidocaine
Psuedomembranous colitis is a severe gastrointestinal problem most associated with which of the following drugs?
D. clindamycin
Nitroglycerine is used for what cardiovascular disease?
B. angina pectoris
Lithium is the drug of choice for the treatment of which of the following conditions?
D. mania, with or without depression
Schizophrenia is treated with drugs in which of the following classes?
B. phenothiazides
Which of the following drugs facilitates the removal of viscous mucus from the respiratory tract?
B. guaifenesin
A patient has a cardiovascular disorder for which a physician prescribes a local anesthetic drug, lidocaine. What might this cardiovascular disorder be?
A. arrythmia
All of the following effects are reduced by first generation H1 receptor antagonists EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION?
a. nasal itching
b. sedation
c. watery eyes
d. sneezing
b. sedation
A patient having a history of which of the following may require antibiotic premedication before subgingival instrumentation?
B. prosthetic cardiac valves
Which of the following classifications of drugs is known for the adverse effect of nonproductive, persistent cough?
C. ACE inhibitors
(T/F) The therapeutic index of benzodiazepines is wider than that of the barbiturates.
True
What is the best way to identify blood pressure side effects for a drug?
C. evaluate vital signs
The hypothyroid individual who demonstrates increased blood pressure, sweating, and nervousness is most likely experiencing:
A. excessive doses of thyroid hormone
When a tetracycline is prescribed, which one of the following GI drugs is contraindicated?
C. antacids
Which of the following drugs is an antihistamine?
D. cimetidine
One reason epinephrine is combined with a local anesthetic is:
A. to increase the duration of action of the anesthetic
In dentistry, all of the following are indications for the use of systemic antibiotics except which one?
A. gingivitis
When a local anesthetic containing epinephrine is mistakenly injected into a blood vessel, the patient could demonstrate:
A. an increase in pulse rate
Which drugs reduces vitamin K coagulation factors?
D. wardarin (Coumadin)
Which of the following actions occur when a drug stimulates beta 1 receptors?
A. increased heart rate
(T/F) You have a very apprehensive pregnant patient in your chair for periodontal therapy. She asked to be premedicated for her anxiety. Valium is the drug of choice for this patient.
False
A serious ADE associated with use of a bisphosphonate is:
D. osteonecrosis of the jaw
An infection in an area can prevent the accumulation of effective concentrations of local anesthetic solution because of:
A. low tissue pH
All of the following agents are used to treat insomnia EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION?
C. levodopa (Sinemet)
Which of the following patient instructions is appropriate when a benzodiazepine is prescribed?
A. Do not drive yourself to the appointment
What is the lowest TI (therapeutic index) for a drug to be considered safe?
D. 10
When selecting an effective antibiotic, all of the following are important EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION?
A. select agent with broadest spectrum of activity
Which of the following drugs is an ACE inhibitor?
C. enalapril
All of the following conditions are indicated for antibiotic prophylaxis EXCEPT one. Which is the one EXCEPTION?
C. Heart murmur with regurgitation
All of the following effects are associated with mucositis EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION?
D. leukoplakia
Which of the following drugs is used in the treatment of xerostomia in dental patients?
C. pilocarpine
Which of the following antibiotics may be combined with amoxicillin in the treatment of aggressive periodontitis?
D. metronidazole
A two-year old boy contracts an infection that requires antibiotic therapy. With this information alone, which of the following drugs would you NOT recommend?
D. tetracylcine
Which of the following terms describes how much of a drug will be available in the body to produce a pharmacologic response after it is administered?
D. bioavailability
All of the following are adverse drug effects that affect management of the dental appointment for a client who is receiving cancer chemotherapy EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION?
C. alopecia
For which of the following periodontal patients are systemic antibiotics more likely to be indicated?
A. the patient with localized aggressive periodontitis
The adrenergic receptor responsible for bronchial dilation is?
C. beta-2
A drug with anticholinergic side effects might exhibit all of the following except
B. salivation
Which discipline is concerned with he rates of the rise and fall of drug concentration in the body?
A. pharmacokinetics
All of the following dental procedures should have antibiotic prophylaxis in selected patients who require premedication EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION?
C. local anesthetic injection
Which of the following analgesics raises pain thresholds without impairing alertness or judgement?
B. salicylates
The drug of choice for most uncomplicated odontogenic infection is?
C. Penn VK
The most serious side effect of narcotic analgesics is due to their ability to
C. reduce respiratory function
Inflammatory arthropathies can be treated with all of the following therapies EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION?
B. glucosamine and chondroitin
Anti fungal agents used for oral infection act by
C. binding to the sterols in the fungal cell membrane
The analgesic does not possess any significant anti-inflammatory effect
B. acetaminophen
Which drug selectively inhibits the COX-2 isoform?