CJ Part Final

the variety of services, facilities, and organizations responsible for the management of people who have beem accused of criminal offenses

An institution intended to punish criminals by isolating them from society and from society and from one another so they can reflect on their past misdeeds, repent, reform

A penitentiary system, developed in Penn. in which each inmate was held in isolation from other inmates. All activities, including craft work, took place in the cells

a penitentiary system developed in Auburn in which each inmate was held in isolation during the night but worked and ate with the other prisoners during the day under a rule of silence

A system under which inmates' labor was sold on a contractual basis to private employers who provided the machinery and raw materials with which inmates made salable products in the institution

a system under which inmates were leased to contractors who provided prisoners with food and clothing in exchange for labor

an institution for young offenders that emphasizes training, a mark system of classification, indeterminate sentences, and parole

a point system in which prisoners can reduce their term imprisonment and gain release by earning marks or points through labor, good behavior, educational achievement

A model of corrections that emphasizes the need to restore a convicted offender to a constructive place in society through some form of vocational or educational training therapy

a model of corrections based on the assumption that criminal behavior is caused by biological or psychological conditions that require treatment

a model of corrections based on the goal of reintegrating the offender into the community

a model of corrections based on the assumption that criminal behavior can be controlled by more use of incarceration and other forms of strict supervision

an institution for the incarceration of people convicted of serious crimes, usually felonies

an institution authorized to hold pretrial detainees and sentenced misdemeanants for periods longer than 48 hours

judges should not interfere with the administration of correctional institutions

a model of incarceration that emphasizes security, discipline, and order

a model of incarceration that emphasizes treatment programs to help prisoners address the personal problems and issues that led them to commit crimes

a model of correctional institutional that emphasizes maintaining the offender's ties to family and community as a method of reform, recognizing that the offender will be returning to society

the values and norms of the prison social system that define the inmates' idea of the model prisoner

a return to criminal behavior

the probationer's failure to abide by the rules and conditions of probation, resulting in revocation of probation

a sum of money to be paid to the state by a convicted person as punishment for an offense

repayment by an offender to a victim who has suffered some loss from the offense

government seizures of property and other assets deprived from or used in criminal activity

a sentence requiring the offender to remain inside his or her home during specified periods

a sentence requiring the offender to perform a certain amount of unpaid labor in the community

a community correctional center where an offender reports each day to comply with elements of a sentence

probation granted under conditions of strict reporting to a probation officer with a limited caseload

a short-term institutional sentence usually followed by probation, that puts the offender through a physical regimen designed to develop discipline and respect for authority

shock incarceration

process in which new sentencing options increase rather than reduce control over offenders' lives

the conditional release of an inmate from incarceration, under supervision, after part of the prison sentence has been served

the release of an inmate from incarceration, without further correctional supervision; the inmate cannot be returned to prison for any remaining portion of the sentence for the current offense

the required release of an inmate from incarceration to community supervision upon the expiration of a certain period, as specified by a determinate-sentencing law or parole guidelines

a term used in some states to avoid rigidity of mandatory release, by placing convicts in various community settings, under supervision

the release of an inmate from prison to conditional supervision at the discretion of the parole board within the boundaries set by the sentence and the penal law

conduct restrictions that parolees must follow as a legally binding requirement of being release

the daytime release of inmates from correctional institutions so they can work or attend school

the temporary release of inmate from a correctional institution for a brief period, usually one to three days, for a visit home. Such programs help maintain family ties and prepare inmates for release on parole

a correctional facility housing convicted felons who spend a portion of their day at work in the community but reside in halfway house during non-working hours.

the state as parent; the state as guardian and protector of all citizens who cannot protect themselves

juveniles have the right to counsel, to confront and examine accusers, and to have adequate notice of charges when confinement is a possible punishment

the standard of proof beyond a reasonable doubt applies to juvenile delinquency proceedings

any act committed by a juvenile that is considered unacceptable for a child, such as truancy or running away from home, but that would not be a crime if it were committed by an adult

procedure by which the juvenile court waives its jurisdiction and transfers a juvenile case to the adult criminal court

a child who has committed an act that if committed by an adult would be a criminal act

a term that designates juveniles who are either status offenders or thought to be on the verge of trouble

a child who is receiving inadequate care because of some action or inaction of his or her parents

a child who has no parent or guardian or whose parents cannot give proper care

the process of screening children out of the juvenile justice system without a decision by the court

a hearing by the juvenile court to determine if a juvenile is to be detained or released prior to adjudication

juvenile justice equivalent of parole, in which a delinquent is released from a custodial sentence and supervised in the community