Chem 1B coordination compounds

• diamagnetic: not magnetic; due to no unpaired electrons
• paramagnetic: magnetic; due to unpaired electrons

↑energy cause ↑Δ₀ 

examples: CN^-, CO, en, pyr

• ↓energy cause ↓Δ₀
• examples: Cl-, I-, Br-, F-, H₂O, NH₃

molecules or ions that bond to the metal ion in a complex; the ligands "coordinate" to the metal

H2O, NH3, Cl-, CN-

• coordination number: number of ligands (atoms) attached to metal center
• 6: octahedral
• 5: trigonal bipyramid or square pyramid 
• 4: tetrahedral or square planer
• 3: trigonal planer
• 2: linear

• Br-: bromo
• F-: fluoro
• OH-: hydroxo
• CN-: cyano
• C₂O₄^2-: oxalato
• CO₃^2-: carbonato
• CH₃COO^-: acetato
• NH₃: ammine
• H₂O: aqua
• H₂NCH₂CH₂NH₂: ethylenediamine

a ligand in which two or more donor atoms can coordinate to the same metal ion

ex. bidentate: C₂O₄^2- (oxalato) and en

• 1. constitutional (structural) - different attachments. linkage isomer: ligands can attach in different ways. coordination sphere isomer: switching ligands with counter ions
• 2. geometric (stereoisomers) - different arrangements (cis, trans). enantiomers: stereoisomer with a mirror image that is not superimposable (chiral)

d⁸ metals: Ni²⁺, Pd²⁺, Pt²⁺

upper:   dx²y²----dz² 

lower:   dxy----dxz----dzy

upper:   dxy----dxz----dyz

lower:   dx²y²----dz²

upper:   dx²y²

mid:     dxy

mid:     dz²

lower:   dxz----dyz