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EVOLUTION REVIEW

  1. NAME TWO SOURCES THAT CREATE VARIATION
    RANDOM MUTATION AND RECOMBINATION CREATE VARIATION!
  2. WHAT IS A GENE POOL?
    A gene pool consists of all genes, including all the different alleles that are present in a population.
  3. DEFINE RELATIVE FREQUENCY
    • The number of times the allele occurs in a gene pool, compared with the number of times other alleles for the same gene occur.
  4. FILL IN THE BLANKS:
    In genetic terms, evolution is any change in the ________ __________of alleles in a __________________.
    In genetic terms, evolution is any change in the RELATIVE FREQUENCY of alleles in a POPULATION.
  5. HOW OFTEN AN ALLELE APPEARS IN THE GENE POOL IS KNOWN AS _________________ ________________ .
    How often an allele appears in the gene pool is known as RELATIVE FREQUENCY.
  6. FILL IN THE BLANKS.
    Relative frequency is often expressed as a ____________, and it is _____ ______________ to whether an allele is dominant or recessive.
    • Relative frequency is often expressed as a PERCENTAGE, and it is NOT RELATED to whether an allele is dominant or recessive.
  7. FILL IN THE BLANK CIRCLES.
    The first circle is “Species”
    • SPECIES
    • POPULATION
    • GENE POOL
    • ALL THE VARIETIES OF TRAITS.
  8. DEFINE MUTATION
    Any change in a sequence of DNA.
  9. Most heritable differences are due to gene shuffling.
    NAME TWO OF THEM.
    1. Crossing-over increases the number of genotypes that can appear in offspring. 

    2. Sexual Reproduction produces different phenotypes, but it does not change the relative frequency of alleles in a population.
  10. DEFINE HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURE
    • Similar structure and position, but different function.
  11. HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES ARE EVIDENCE OF WHAT?
    COMMON ANCESTOR
  12. HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES ARE AN EXAMPLE OF WHAT TYPE OF EVOLUTION?
    • DIVERGENT.
    • THEY HAVE A COMMON ANCESTOR.
  13. DEFINE DIVERGENT EVOLUTION.
    NAME TWO POINTS
    • 1. THEY COME FROM THE SAME SOURCE.  
    • 2. THE SAME DEVELOPMENT IN EMBRYO.
    • EVIDENCE: HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES.
  14. DEFINE ANALOGOUS STRUCTURE
    • OUTSIDE:
    • SAME FUNCTION

    • INSIDE:
    • DIFFERENT ORIGIN
    • DIFFERENT STRUCTURE
  15. TRUE OR FALSE?
    ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES SHOW EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS.
    • FALSE.
    • THEY SHOW NO EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIP.
  16. ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES ARE EVIDENCE OF WHAT TYPE OF EVOLUTION?
    • CONVERGENT.
    • THEY DO NOT HAVE A COMMON ANCESTOR.

    THEY ADAPTED TO THEIR SPECIFIC ENVIORMENT IN THE SAME WAYS.
  17. NAME THE TWO PROCESSES, OR WAYS, WHICH ORGANISMS EVOLVE.

    HINT: THINK HOMOLOGOUS AND ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES
    DIVERGENT AND COVERGENT

    DIVERGENT: HOMOLOGOUS. SIMILAR STUCTURES, DIFFERENT FUNCTION. COMMON ANCESTOR 

    • COVERGENT: ANALOGOUS. SIMILAR FUNCTION, DIFFERENT STRUCTURE.
    • NO COMMON ANCESTOR.
  18. DEFINE VESTIGIAL STRUCTURES
    ves·tig·i·al

    veˈstij(ē)əl
    STRUCTURES THAT SERVE NO CURRENT PURPOSE, BUT WERE USEFUL TO ANCESTORS.

    • EXAMPLE: WHALE PELVIC BONE
  19. NAME A VESTIGIAL NAME A VESTIGIAL STRUCTURE IN THE HUMAN BODY.
    ves·tig·i·al
    veˈstij(ē)əl
    • WISDOM TEETH
    • APPENDIX
    • COCCYX (TAIL BONE)

  20. EXPLAIN HOW EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT IS PROOF OF EVOLUTION.
    • DEVELOPING EMBRYOS OF DIFFERENT ORGANISMS HAVE THE SAME FEATURES, DUE TO COMMON ORIGINS.
  21. WHICH ONE IS NOT A HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURE?
    THE OCTOPUS.

    THE HUMAN AND LIZZARD HAVE THE SAME INTERNAL STRUCTURES
  27. WHAT IS A PHYLOGENY?
    • A CHART, WHICH SHOWS PATH OF EVOLUTION AND THE RELATEDNESS OF SPECIES.
    • THINK CLADOGRAMS.
  29. DEFINE CLADE
    A group of two or more taxa that includes all and only the descendants of a particular ancestor.
  30. DEFINE NODE
    Denotes other common ancestors and specification.
  31. DEFINE OUTGROUP
    Organism with ancestral characteristics shared by all taxa, link organisms together.
  32. DEFINE TAXA
  33. DEFINE ROOT
  34. THE EVOLUTIONARY PROCESS BY WHICH REPRODUCTIVELY ISOLATED BIOLOGICAL POPULATIONS EVOLVE  TO BECOME DISTINCT SPECIES IS KNOWN AS WHAT?
    • SPECIATION
    • THINK ABOUT THE BIRD BEAK LAB.
  35. SPECIATION: THE EVOLUTIONARY PROCESS BY WHICH REPRODUCTIVELY ISOLATED BIOLOGICAL POPULATIONS EVOLVE TO BECOME DISTINCT SPECIES.  

    GO FURTHER: EXPLAIN THE FOUR SLIDES.
  37. TRUE OR FALSE?
    A CLADE MAY INCLUDE THOUSANDS OF SPECIES OR JUST A FEW?
  43. TRUE OR FALSE?
    Evolution produces a pattern of relationships among lineages that are tree-like, not ladder-like.
  44. TRUE OR FALSE?
    Just because we tend to read phylogenies from left to right, there is no correlation with level of "advancement."
Author
MrB
ID
319198
Card Set
EVOLUTION REVIEW
Description
EVOLUTION REVIEW
Updated

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