Resp3- Mycotic and Parasitic Resp

dimorphic fungi; they are spores in the environment and yeast at body temperature.

high nitrogen environment [pigeon and bat droppings]

inhalation, ingestion (causes intestinal infection)

macrophages; hemolymphatic dissemination; granulomatous

12-16 days; level of exposure, host cell-mediated immunity, young outdoor dog, immunosuppression

common, self-limiting, confined to respiratory tract, causes discrete calcified interstitial foci (seen on rads)

severe rapidly progressive granulomatous pneumonia; death from hypoxemia in days; diffuse nodular interstitial pulmonary infiltrates; patchy coalescing alveolar density; enlarged tracheobronchial ln

cough, tachypnea, dyspnea, abnormal lung sounds, fever, malaise

chronic granulomatous pneumonia; marked perihilar tracheobronchial lymphadenopathy; compresses bifurcation of trachea

cough for weeks to months, exercise intolerance, dyspnea, weight loss, fever

• routine lab work is non-specific [nonregenerative anemia, neutrophilia, monocytosis, thrombocytopenia]
• thoracic rads suggestive
• antigen test on serum or urine
• cytology/ biopsy on BAL, TTW, FNA- visualize organism

granulomatous inflammation, organisms are sparse and don't stain well

• itraconazole is txt of choice, 4-6 months
• amphotericin B IV for very severe cases
• fluconazole (not as good a itra)- goof for refractory ocular or CNS
• corticosteroids- tracheobronchial obstruction from lymphadenopathy

inhaled, MAYBE external skin wounds (pretty rare)

fever, cough, tachypnea, diffuse interstitial pyogranulomatous pneumonia (BAL or TTW), perihilar tracheobronchial lymphadenopathy (rad), alveolar infiltration and consolidation (rad), pleural effusion (rad), solitary mediastinal or lung masses (rad)

lymph nodes, cutaneous, ocular, bone, CNS, genital (more common in cats)

• routine lab work is non-specific [nonregenerative anemia, neutrophilia, monocytosis, thrombocytopenia]
• thoracic rads suggestive
• antigen test on serum or urine
• cytology/ biopsy on BAL, TTW, FNA- visualize organism

• thick-walled, extracellular yeast bodies with broad-based budding
• plentiful organisms
• pyogranulomatous inflammation

• itraconazole is txt of choice, 4-6 months, at least 2-3 months past resolution
• Amphotercin B IV if severe
• fluconazole (not as good as itra)- good choice for refractory ocular, CNS, or prostate
• Ancillary- topical ophthalamic with uveitis, monitor for glaucoma, castrate if prostatic infection, anti-inflammatories for resp signs

burst of precipitation out west causes fungal sporulation; dogs inhale spores

1-3 weeks

• Self-limiting subclinical: most common outcome in healthy animals
• Pulmonary: acute or chronic; granulomatous pneumonia, perihilar tracheobronchial lymphadenopathy, chronic cough, fever, malaise
• Extrapulmonary: bone disease in dogs, skin disease in cats

• routine labwork is non-specific
• thoracic rads are suggestive
• rads of long bones- osteoproliferative, often lytic
• ID by cytology/biopsy- spherules, pyogranulomatous inflammation
• Serology for IgM (early) and IgG (late with severe or disseminated) titers

• itraonazole for 8-12 months
• if bone ivolvement itraconazole for life
• fluconazole better for brain or ocular

saprophytic yeast; cats (nose, not really lung); pigeon poop

inhale dried yeast--> capsule shield organism from immune system--> usually causes just nasal signs--> can go through cribriform plate and cause CNS signs

anorexia, depression, fever variable, nasal mass, firm swelling on bridge of nose, stertor, inspiratory dyspnea, +/- disseminated to skin/CNS/eyes

• routine labwork is non-specific
• serology is presumptive (not necessarily making antibodies b/c shielded from immune system)
• cytology/ biopsy is definitive
• capsular antigen test on serum or CSF
• nasal X-ray/ CT

• fluconazole is txt of choice, 6-12 months, 2 months beyond resolution
• itra and amphotericin are effective if need be
• monitor capsular antigen titer

• nasal mite that causes chronic rhintis
• txt w/ selamectin, milbemycin, ivermectin

• nasal worm
• txt with milbemycin

• tracheal worm that is shed in stool, ingested, and migrated from the bowel to the lung
• young dogs
• dry cough
• tracheal nodules seen on scope/ radiograph

• may be seen on Baerman float because they are coughed up and swallowed
• ivermectin weekly for 2 months, fenbendazole

Filaroides hirthi/ milksi, Crenosoma vulpis, Aelurostrongylus abstrusus, Eucoleus aerophila

• fecal-oral transmission
• cough, pulmonary infiltrates

• fecal float or TTW
• fenbendazole, ivermectin

• associated with wild foxes
• mollusk host
• fecal exam or TTW for dx
• fenbendazole, ivermectin, milbemycin

• fecal or TTW
• ivermectin, fenbendazole, selamectin