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What are the 2 categories of photodermatitis?
- UV-A- spectrum associated with photosensitization
- UV-B- spectrum associated with sunburn
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Describe the process of photosensitization.
not direct- photodynamic compounds deposited in skin, absorb light, and produce free radicals, which cause damage to the skin and skin necrosis
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Where does photosensitization occur?
lightly pigmented or non-pigmented areas of skin
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What are the different types of photosensitization? (4)
- Type I: ingestion of photodynamic compounds
- Type II: congenital errors in metabolism of pigments
- Type III: hepatogenous- liver no longer conjugates phylloerythrin
- Type IV: idiopathic
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How is type III photosensitization diagnosed? (3)
GGT (Cholestasis), SDH (direct cellular damage), AST/SGOT
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Porphyria is a ________ photosensitization; it is...
type II; genetic defect in hemoglobin production due to a deficiency in uroporphyrinogen III cosynthetase, leading to accumulation of photodyanmic substances in tissues (skin, teeth, bones, urine)
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What causes contact photosensitivity?
contact with certain compounds, plants, or sap can result in a localized photosensivity
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What is the treatment for photosensitization? (4)
remove from sunlight, remove underlying cause, steroid if contact photosensitivity, topical zinc
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What is the prognosis for photosensitization?
- primary- good
- hepatogenous- poor
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What is soremouth?
- orf, ovine contagious pustular dermatitis, contagious ecthyma- poxvirus
- sheet, goats, rabbits, humans
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How is orf transmitted? (3)
direct animal to animal contact, fomites, environment (can survive for years off host- less in direct sunlight)
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Describe clinical disease associated with orf. (5)
short incubation, young animals, immunity after infection, proliferative lesions around mouth/ muzzle (teats on nursing ewes), gone in 2-3 weeks
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What lesions are present with orf?
papule--> vesicle--> pustule--> scab
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What is the treatment and prevention for orf?
- palliative treatment only, nutritional support
- vaccine: decide when they get infected
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What is unique about atypical soremouth?
lesions do not regress (unlike typical, in which lesions are gone in 2-3 weeks)
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What is the cause of papillomatosis? In what animals does it occur?
- bovine papilloma virus (strain determines area of body effected)
- mostly young animals- cattle predisposed
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Describe the treatment of papillomatosis.
- cosmetic problem unless affecting the penis
- resection is curative
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What are the most common strains of BPV?
1&2 usually on face/ neck
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What is unique about BPV-4?
association b/w BPV-4 and ingestion of bracken fern can lad to the malignant transformation of the papilloma--> bladder tumors
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What is unique about BPV-5-10?
papillomas on teats- must be removed
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What causes ulcerative dermatosis? Describe the clinical course.
- viral
- ulcerative lesions, duration is 2-8 weeks, supportive care
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What is the cause of ulcerative mammilitis? What are signs of disease?
- BHV-2 and 4
- sudden onset teat swelling and tenderness, vesicles--> ulcers
- course lasts from 3-10 weeks
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How is ulcerative mammilitis managed? (3)
ID affected cattle, segregate and milk last, recrudescence will occur
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Vesicular stomatitis in cattle is _________ and looks similar to __________.
reportable; herpes mammilitis
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All vesicular diseases in swine are ______________.
reportable!!!!!
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What are the signs and treatment of Erysipelas in swine?
- Signs: fever, arthritis, diamond skin lesions, death
- Txt: beta-lactams, anti-inflammatories
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What causes greasy pig disease? What is the result?
Staph hyicus--> produces exfoliative toxin
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What are the signs and treatment of greasy pig disease?
- Signs: exudative skin, crusts
- Txt: beta-lactams, eryhtromycin
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