-
What organisms are associated with feline URI? (6)
FHV-1, calici virus, Chlamydophila felis (conjunctivitis), mycoplasma, Bordatella bronchiseptica, Influenza
-
How is URI transmitted? (3)
- direct contact, sneezing, fomites (not by normal respiration)
- subclinical carriers, clinically infected cats, mother-to-kitten
-
Describe the incubation, duration, and shedding of FHV-1.
- Incubation 2-6 days
- Duration 10-12 days
- Shed 1-3 weeks after infection
- Life-long infection! recrudescence can occur with stress, illness, steroids
-
Describe variation among calicivirus.
many strains, some may be cross-protective but some are different and can cause infection in vaccinated/ immune cats
-
Describe incubation and shedding of chlamydophila felis.
- incubation 2-5 days
- shedding >6 months
-
What clinical signs are very suggestive of Chlamydophila? (2)
conjunctivitis, mild UR signs
-
What does Mycoplasma cause in cats?
lower airway pneumonia (not really URI)
-
What are general clinical findings with URI? (8)
inappetence, lethargy, fever, sneezing, oculonasal d/c, conjunctivitis, corneal ulcers, pneumonia
-
What clinical findings are very suggestive of FHV? (8)
anorexia, lethargy, fever, oculonasal d/c, hypersalivation, corneal ulcers, ophthalmia neonatorum, nasal turbinate damage
-
What is ophthalmia neonatorum?
severe ocular FHV in neonates--> may need enucleation
-
What clinical findings are very characteristic of calicivirus? (9)
- oral ulceration, oral vesicles, nasal commissure ulceration, inappetence (painful to eat with ulcers)
- certain virulent strains can lead to pneumonia--> tachypnea/ dyspnea, productive cough, fever, malaise
- some strains--> polyarthritis
-
What clinical findings are very suggestive of Bordatella? (4)
- naso-bronchial inflammation, fever, sneezing, nasal d/c
- usually subclinical or mild and self-limiting
-
___________ is found in healthy cats in the upper and lower airways, but it can also cause pneumonia, rhinitis, and conjunctivitis.
Mycoplasma
-
___________ are predisposed to chronic rhinitis.
Short-nosed cats
-
How is diagnosis of URI pathogens usually achieved?
- usually based on clinical signs
- may pursue virus isolation/ PCR if signs persist more than 7-10 days [conjunctival, nasal, oropharyngeal swabs, TTW/BAL, tissue biopsy]
- Bacterial culture of oropharyngeal swab- Bordatella or Mycoplasma
-
Describe the treatment for viral URI.
- Mostly time and supportive care
- If severe or persistent, ganciclovir, cidovovir, penciclovir
- Hepetic keratitis, trifluridine 5-6 times a day
- Calicivirus, feline interferon
-
What antivirals should NEVER be used in cats? (2)
acyclovir, valacyclovir
-
How is Chlamydophila treated?
- Doxycycline orally for 3-4 weeks (wash it down!)
- Kittens (doxy contraindicated if permanent teeth haven't erupted)--> clavamox, enrofloxacin
-
What URI agents are included in core vaccines? (2)
- FHV-1 (feline viral rhinotrachieits FVR)
- Calicivirus (C)
- FVRCP (P= panleuk)
- MLV, don't prevent infection but decreased severity
-
How can you prevent cage to cage transmission of URI in shelter situations? (4)
solid partition b/w cages, 1m clearance in front of cages, material that can be disinfected, leave cage empty for 2 days (after it has held an animal with URI)
-
Describe calicivirus and FHV survival in the environment. How can you kill them?
- calici- survives for weeks (months if dried), BLEACH
- herpes- survives 18hours, killed by disinfection
-
Describe the carrier state of calici and herpesvirus.
- Herpes- latent infection, lifelong infection with recrudescence
- Calici- carriers, infection clears but can have reinfection
|
|
