socb47

the centre is “normal” and or privileged, outside of it is known as abnormal

an analytic perspective that accounts for how factors such as race, gender, class, sexuality, dis/ability, and citizenship intersect, penetrate, and inform one another so that they become mutually constitutive and act together

Antonio Gramsci describes it as "intellectual and moral leadership"

how a certain version of things takes on the appeal as standard, true, or "normative"

traditional way of thinking about representation is a representation of something that has already happened

an approach that distinguishing between sex and gender, and saying that “feminine” is not simply something you are born as, but rather something shaped by the culture around you

bodies that cannot easily be constructed as male or female

dominance of heterosexual males in society

discipline to examin social construction, manifestation, resistance to dominant norms (power relations) about sexuality, gender identity

focuses on fluidity and movement of sexuality, desire, practices etc

a world view that heterosexuality is normal and or preferred sexual orientation

people who identify as queer but do not contest dominant heteronormative assumptions and institutions such as acceptable sexual behaviour monogamy), procreation and binary gender roles

unattractive, downwardly mobile, not physically or emotionally healthy, not athletic, lacking in body and self-control

• Question how ideas about body norms are produced and how those ideas are detrimental to people (e.g. body image)
• -Weight as a form of social control
• -Understand fat as a descriptor (like height)

an arbitrary and socially constructed classification of persons on the basis of real or imagined physical characteristics

a process through which "race" is attributed to a population of people, facilitating the practice of racism against them

discrimination accorded to a group of people differentiated and evaluated on the basis of their alleged or real physical or social qualities

prejudice or discrimination against individuals with a dark skin tone

the belief that white people are superior to those of all other races, especially the black race

the intentional and systematic destruction of people on the basis of their race, ethnicity, religion, or national origin, accomplished through the mass extinguishment of their actual physical beings

• Promotes cultural exchange
• Integration
• Rates of naturalization in Canada = high
• Intermarriage – high
• Language “proficiency” – high

• Voter turnout – high
• Pillay: MC “removes barriers to participation in Canadian life, thereby promoting integration” p. 70

• 1. focus on 2 protagonists
• 2. MC policy development was NOT a human rights/ equity issue
• 3. Despite MC, there is continued use of references to colour/difference in official politices
• 4. MC fixes identities
• 5.MC Act does not address the claims made by racialized communities/immigrants
• 6. Prevents coalitions
• 7.MC as a "neoliberal mode of belonging"

A ‘nation’ is a collection of people that have come to believe that they have been shaped by a common past and are destined to share a common future. That belief is usually nurtured by a common language and a sense of otherness from groups around them. Nationalism is a commitment to fostering those beliefs and promoting policies which permit the nation to control its own destiny

• modernist/structuralist
• postmodernist/poststructuralist
• - power/knowledge 
• - discourse
• - sovereign power
• - disciplinary power 
• - biopower 
• - governmental power

enlightenment period - idea that people could use human reason to shape history

the belief that there are underlying, unifying structures, or rules, shaping social life and communication, and that these structures can be studied through objective scientific method

rejecting the enlightenment belief that, through human reason and research, humanity was on the road of process

a postmodern approach, as practised in the social sciences

organized systems of knowledge that make possible what can be spoken, about and how one can speak about it

The exercise of power perpetually creates knowledge and, conversely, knowledge constantly induces effects of power

Can be best described as power over groups and individuals, and it is generally negative and prohibitive

directed toward the examination and subjection of bodies through new knowledge and through new techniques for administering, in an increasingly detailed manner, to bodies and population

Being directed toward the administration of populations people

Toward the penetration of individual bodies, so that the individual’s notion of self was formulated in particular ways

occurring when we are no longer aware of power’s effects, because we have already embraced it, and reproduce it in relation tour selves and to others – known as governmentality

is a system that disciplines bodies in a society by forcing them to conform to a standard that is at once invisible and disembodied

the production and reproduction, at the end of the twentieth century, of more flexible bodies -gay bodies that no longer mark absolute deviance, heterosexual bodies that are newly on display. The out heterosexual works alongside gay men and lesbians; the more flexible heterosexual body tolerates a certain amount of queerness

come through formal education or training, or from more tradition means like family background

draws attention to different levels of class and status markers

a legally recognized subject or national of a state or commonwealth, either native or naturalized