freud

• Personality techniques that focuses on the individual
• Case studies
• Interviews
• Naturalistic observations (observing something in natural environment)

• focus on group
• tests, surveys

• The Victorian Era was known for self-control of physical drives
• Freud treating patients in this era (who suffered from mental disorders) led him to believe that their disorders started  from sexual conflicts hidden from awareness

• conscious
• preconcious
• unconscious

what we are aware of at the particular moment

thoughts, memories, feelings and images that we can easily remember

• inaccessible to our conscious mind, the largest part of the mind, deals with wishes, impulses, memories or feelings
• Threatening thoughts/ feelings can be repressed into the unconscious

• The id
• The ego
• The superego

• evil
• source of personalities desires
• demands instant gratification
• instinct to avoid pain and obtain pleasure
• irrational and self centered

• balance
• obeys reality principle ( takes care of needs as soon as appropriate)
• represents reality and reason
• understands other people have needs and desires and being impulsive can hurt others

• angel
• conscience ( internalization of punishment and warning)
• rewards us and makes us feel proud

ego so it can satisfy needs of id and not upset the superego and still take reality of situation into consideration

ego has difficulty satisfying  the id and superego so the ego gets anxiety and takes extreme measures to relieve pressure (defense mechanisms)

the life drive/ instinct (Libido/ Eros) and the death drive/ instinct (Thanatos)

• aka sex instincts
• basic survival pleasure and reproduction
• Also includes thirst, hunger, and pain avoidance.
• libido

• the goal of life is death
• people unconsciously want to die but its counteracted by life instincts
• self destructive behavior is expression of death instinct
• can cause aggression and violence

• personality
• fixation can occur
• To prevent fixation, parents need to be sensitive to a young child's needs in each stage without over indulging them

• 0-1 years old
• mouth - like to receive pleasure form mouth
• conflict - weaning from bottle
• if too traumatic it leads to eating drinking, nail biting, smoking

• 1-3 yrs
• zone - bowel/ bladder
• child gets pleasure from pooping
• conflict- toilet training
• strict rules about toilet training causes child to be constipated and be compulsive, stubborn, orderliness
• leniency can lead to expelling feces all the time and causes disorderliness, messiness, tantrums.
• overly praised= creative and productive

• 3-5 yrs
• zone -genitals
• child learns differcnces between sexes
• Oedipus complex

• carl jung
• conflict between child's sexual desire for their parent of the opposite sex and their fear of punishment from the same sex parent
• castration anxiety - son afraid his father will remove his penis
• girl has penis envy and blames her mom for not having one

• reckless
• resolute
• gay

• 6-12
• zone - sexual feelings inactive
• pleasure in accomplishments
• puberty
• develop ego

• puberty - death
• zone - maturing sexual interests
• sexual attraction occurs
• individual should be well balanced warm and caring