Resp3- K9 Infectious Resp Dz

boarding kennel, shelter, pet shop, vet hospital stay, dog show, doggie daycare

• [kennel cough]
• Bordatella bronchiseptica: decreased mucociliary clearance
• Parainfluenza virus: short-lived contagious cough, denudes resp epithelium
• Canine Adenovirus type 2: upper airway dz (cleared in 9 days)

canine coronavirus (epithelial ciliary damage), mycoplasma, canine influenza virus

spread by oronasal contact, respiratory secretions, fomites

5-7 day incubation; viral shedding lasts 6-10 days (Bordatella shedding is weeks to months)

• coughing (high pitched honking), paroxysmal cough, laryngitis, tracheitis w/ episodic gagging and expectoration
• shouldn't have fever/lethargy/inappetance unless secondary pneumonia

• clinical signs!
• history of exposure/ boarding

• usually self-limiting
• if prolonged (ie. Bordatella), Doxycycline (not for pups), Clavamox, enrofloxacin, azithromycin
• if cough is REALLY bad, low dose steroids (cover w/ antibiotic), +/- antitussives (hydrocodone)

• Core vaccines already include parainfluenza and adenovirus
• Optional Bordatella vaccine (IN best, local immunity)- needs boostered every 6 months
• Isolate infected dogs

unvaccinated dogs, 3-6month old puppies (maternal Ab waning)

• starts 7 days after infection and continues for 2-3 months
• luckily does not persist in environment

via respiratory exudates

virus multiplies in macrophages--> spreads to respiratory system--> spreads to spleen/ gut--> reaches CNS in 8-9d

thick mucopurulent nasal d/c, ocular d/c, keratoconjunctivitis, depression, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, tenesmus, intussusception, dehydration, emaciation, hyperkeratosis of nose and footpads (hardpad), mild uveitis/ retinal scarring

interstitial early, alveolar later

CNS signs 1-3 weeks after recovery from systemic/ respiratory disease: progressive chronic deterioration, seizures, cerebellar/ vestibular signs, myoclonus

damage to enamel, teeth

• usually just based on clinical signs
• CBC: lymphopenia, inclusions in leukocytes
• thoracic rads: interstitial pattern
• CSF: increased protein, cytoplasmic inclusions, + antibody titer

• PCR of blood or tissue
• immunofluorescence of conjunctival scrape, tonsil swab/resp/genitals(must be w/i 1-2 weeks of infection b4 coated with antibody)
• serum antibody neutralization test

supportive care, isolation, broad spectrum antibiotics, nebulization, IV fluids, anti-emetics, dexamethosone ONCE for severe CNS dz, anticonvulsants if persistent seizures

• recovery
• if no improvement in 9-14 days, high mortality
• CNS signs, unclear

• vaccination is effective!
• maternal antibody gone by 12-14 weeks then vaccinate every 3-4 weeks from 6-16 weeks
• booster every 3 years

H3N8

cough, fever, tachypnea, mucopurulent nasal d/c (contrast to kennel cough b/c systemically ill)

• exclude kennel cough
• rising titer on paired serum antibody testing at 7 and 14 days
• nasal swabs to ID virus

• usually self-limiting, supportive care
• treat secondary pneumonia
• should get better in 2-3 weeks

• aspiration, inhalation, direct extension from pleural space, hematogenous spread
• usually secondary pathogens given an opportunity, usually mixed flora, usually anaerobes

debilitation, prolonged recumbency, systemic immunosuppression, immunodeficiency, defective respiratory defenses (ciliary dyskinesis), damage to resp epithelium (smoke inhalation, etc)

• impaired conscious protection of airway (general anesthesia)
• laryngeal paralysis
• megaesophagus (impaired swallowing)
• vomiting or regurg
• gastric overdistension (GI obstruction)
• forced feeding

enterics (E. coli, Klebsiella), Pasteurella, Staph aureus, Strep, Mycoplasma, Bordatella

• possibly no signs (if only single lung lobe)
• cough, nasal d/c, exercise intolerance, resp distress, anorexia, lethargy, fever variable, poor BCS, tachypnea, increased bronchoalveolar sounds, inspiratory crackles, +/- cyanosis

• CBC: neutrophilia+/- left shift, lymphopenia
• Hypoxemia (blood gas, not usually done)
• Rads: Early interstitial pattern, late alveolar pattern, ventral if aspiration; lag behind clinical signs
• TTW/ endotracheal wash for culture: + possible in health, neg possible with pneumonia...not great

• Severe dz: broad-spectrum- ampicillin and enrofloxacin together
• Mild to moderate: oral clavamox or trimethoprim-sulfa
• Treat for one week past radiographic resolution (usually 3-4 weeks)
• +/- oxygen supplementation
• saline nebulization
• IV fluids- want debris in lungs to stay moist so they can clear it
• bronchodilators if persistent hypoxemia
• mucolytics (N-acetyl-cysteine)

poor if need ventilation, good for mild disease

NO COUGH SUPPRESSANTS- we want them to cough up and expectorate mucus

prevent recurrent aspiration- upright feeding of patients with megaesophagus, metoclopramide, airway lavage after aspiration, ET tube with anesthesia, bronchodilators with aspiration