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lemurs and lorises
- Most primitive (most like ancestral mammalian form)
- evolved 60-65 million years ago
- long snout for sense of smell
- Mark territory with musky scent
- Many lack color vision Because they are nocturnal
- Grooming claw: 2nd digit
- Dental comb for grooming and feeding
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Lemur
- Superfamily: Lemuroidea
- Only on Madagascar
- Diurnal and nocturnal
- No competition with monkeys and apes Average Lifespan 14-15 years
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ring tailed lemur
(F-POLL)
- Female dominance
- positional behavior: Quadrupedal (Terrestrial and arboreal), Vertical clinging and leaping
- Omnivorous
- Live in groups of 10-25
- lemur catta
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Trait that is Transitional between primitive mammal and other primates
post orbital bone bar
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philopatric sex
Group that stays with natal group
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Mouse lemur
- Eat variety of Fruits, flowers, leaves, sap
- Carnivorous also Insects, spiders, tree frogs and small snakes
- Extremely difficult to study because they are small, live up in trees, and only come out at night
- Home range: 50m Usually within trees
- Central nest for female and young for day time
- nest communally with mothers and daughters
- sons will live in the periphery of the core
- Solitary foragers by themselves during the night time except for when very young
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Lorises
- Superfamily: Lorisoidea
- Most nocturnal
- slow moving
- Mark territory on hands with urine
- stealth hunter
- found in asia and africa
- infant parking
- small
- elongated thumbs, no index finger, but strong grip
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galagos
- Superfamily: Lorisoidea
- Species: galagos
- west Africa
- Energetic
- Agile
- Infant parking – mothers slobber on infants to keep predators from taking them – a type of allergen
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Tarsiers
- Superfamily: Tarsioidea
- Put into their own superfamily
- Indonesia and Philippines
- small (4 oz avg)
- Nocturnal
- Monogamous
- Carnivorous
- Strong hind legs
- Clinging and leaping
- Pounce on prey
- male sounds alarm
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superfamily Ateloidea
- capuchin = passive food sharing
- squirrel monkey
- howler monkey = large hyoid bone warn away competitiors
- marmosets = flash genitals, clawsinstead of nails
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superfamily: cercopithecoidea
- Japanese macaques
- Baboon
- Old world Dentition 2-1-2-3
- Wide range of environments
- Quadrupeds (arboreal and terrestrial)
- No prehensile tails
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Macaque
- Superfamily: cercopithecoidea
- Multimale/female troops of 20-250
- herbivores
- Hierarchical social structure
- 4 females to 1 male w/ group ranking
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baboon
- superfamily: cercopithecoidea
- Multimale/female
- travel in groups troops up to 250
- Omnivorous (sometimes hunt) Prefer fruit
- Male and female dominance hierarchies
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lesser ape family
hylobatidae
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hylobates
- Lesser Apes
- Gibbons and Siamangs
- True brachiators
- Eat fruit/leaves
- Bipedal Monogamous
- Distribution: S. E. Asia Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia
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great ape family
- hominidae
- Chimps, gorillas, humans, orangutan, bonobos
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Pongo pygmaeus
- Orangutans
- Sumatra and borneo (indonesia)
- Males have wide look when sexually mature – the wider more attractive
- Solitary, only get together to mate (or mother and offspring)
- Frugivorous (50% of diet fruit)
- High sexual dimorphism , fit pattern for polygamous but live alone
- Climbers/hangers Not true brachiators Their massive size keeps them from brachiating
- Like humans, no visible estrus
- Females can come into heat any time around males
- When fruits are most ripe females are more receptive to mating
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african great ape
- Gorilla Gorilla
- Africa
- Quadrupeds
- Terrestrial knuckle walkers
- Don’t really fear other beings except humans with guns
- Vegetarian 85% leaves
- DON’T EAT MEAT
- WONT KILL YOU THE MINUTE THEY SEE YOU IN THE FOREST
- big gut and digestive system allows to process all the fiber
- High sexual dimorphism
- Social organization: Harems Dominate silverback male In control of several females and offspring
- Highly endangered
- Dian Fossey Studied gorillas
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