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types of mammalian communication signals
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Autonomic
- unintentional signals that one gives off
- ex. blushing/sweating
- nothing specific about them
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intentional
- facial expressions
- gestures
- vocalizations
- Warning barks
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Non human system of communication
- closed system
- Involuntary
- Unspecific (indicate danger, but don’t know from what)
- Operate in present tense
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Human language system of communication
- Open system
- voluntary and specific
- Unique from animals
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Symbolic
Use symbols to stand for meaning
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Multi-media potential
- Spoken
- face to face
- signs (sign language, gesture)
- writing system
- body language
- Intonation is important for speech, and you cant do it with writing.
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Arbitrary
- Words and symbols are unrelated to things themselves ex. apple and orange
- Symbols we use to communicate are arbitrary
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recombinable elements
- Words are made up of units that are recombined
- ex. letters
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Productive
- Language can create new concepts
- We can create concepts that don’t exist
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Displacement
- Can discuss something that isn’t in present tense
- Can talk about past, future, or conditional tense
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Open system
human language
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Cross-fostering
- one species raising another
- ex. roger fouts working with washoe
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language
system of communication using sounds or gestures put together in meaningful ways according to a set of rules
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why can't chimps speak?
- No Pharynx (voice box)
- No Mouth morphology
- No Tongue control
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Chimpanzee Washoe
- Roger fouts worked with washoe
- Cross-fostered: one species raises another
- Trained washoe in ASL – learned at least 150 signs
- Washoe Was able to invent signs and create combinations of signs to refer to new animals water bird (swan) Metal hot (lighter) Red cry fruit (radish) Metal cup drink (thermos)
- Taught infant Loulis ASL
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cooperative hunting
- craig standford determined chimps hunt cooperatively
- Pre-planned
- Limited to Small animals (i.e colobos monkey)
- Share meat with all
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