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Particles and Radiation

  1. What is a nucleon?
    Word used for a proton OR a neutron in the nucleus
  2. What is an isotope?
    Atoms with the same number of protons and different numbers of neutrons
  3. What is another term for atomic number?
    Proton number
  4. What is another term for mass number?
    Nucleon number
  5. What is the definition of specific charge?
    The charge of a particle divided by its mass (unit: C kg -1)
  6. What does the strong nuclear force do?
    It overcomes the electrostatic force of repulsion between the protons in the nucleus and keeps the protons and neutrons together
  7. What is the range of the strong nuclear force?
    3-4 femtometers
  8. When is the strong nuclear force attractive?
    From 3-4 fm down to 0.5 fm
  9. When is the strong nuclear force repulsive?
    Below 0.5 fm (to prevent neutrons and protons from being pushed into each other
  10. What does alpha radiation consist of?
    Alpha particles with two protons and two neutrons each
  11. What is beta radiation?
    Fast moving electrons
  12. What other particle is emitted during beta radiation decay?
    An antineutrino
  13. What is gamma radiation?
    Electromagnetic radiation
  14. What is an electromagnetic wave?
    • An electric wave and magnetic wave
    • Travelling at right angles to each other and the direction they are travelling (transverse wave)
    • In phase with each other
  15. What is a photon?
    A small burst of electromagnetic waves
  16. What is Planck's constant?
    6.63 x 10 ^ -34 Js
  17. How is a positron emitting isotope formed?
    • A stable isotope is placed, in solid or liquid form, in the path of a beam of protons.
    • Some of the nuclei in the substance absorb extra protons and become unstable positron-emitters
  18. When was antimatter first predicted and who by?
    1928 by Paul Dirac
  19. What is pair production?
    A photon with enough energy interacts with a large nucleus or an electron and is converted into a particle - antiparticle pair
  20. How do you concert joules into electron volts?
    Joules/eV
  21. What is one eV in joules?
    1.6 x 10-19 J
  22. What is the minimum energy of a photon needed for paired production to take place?
    2 x 0.511 (rest energy of an electron) = 1.022 MeV
  23. What is a virtual photon?
    The reason the electromagnetic force acts between two particles. It is virtual because it cannot be detected
  24. What is the weak nuclear force?
    The force involved in ß- or ß+ decay. It is weak as it does not effect stable nuclei
  25. What are the three major characteristics of W bosons?
    • Non-zero rest mass
    • Very short range (no more than 0.001 fm)
    • Positively or negatively charged
  26. What does a neutron-neutrino interaction produce and what is the exchange particle?
    • Produces a proton and an electron(ß-)
    • Exchange particle is W-
  27. What does a proton-antineutrino interaction produce and what is the exchange particle?
    • Produces a neutron and a positron (ß+)
    • Exchange particle is W+
  28. What is produced in ß- decay?
    Neutron decays into a proton and a W+ exchange particle to an electron (ß-) and antineutrino
  29. What is produced in a ß+ decay?
    Positron decays into a neutron and a W+ exchange particle to a ß+ and neutrino
  30. What is electron capture?
    A proton in a proton rich nucleus turns into a neutron through the weak interaction with an inner - shell electron from outside the nucleus
  31. What particles are involved in electron capture?
    • A proton and electron become a neutron and neutrino
    • Exchange particle: W+
  32. What can a kaon decay into?
    • Pions
    • Muon and an antineutrino
    • Antimuon and a neutrino
  33. What can a charged pion decay into?
    • A muon and an antineutrino
    • Antimuon and a neutrino
  34. What does a neutral pi meson decay into?
    High energy photons
  35. What does a muon decay into?
    An electron and an antineutrino
  36. What does an antimuon decay into?
    A positron and a neutrino
  37. What particles are hadrons?
    • Protons
    • Neutrons
    • Pi mesons
    • K mesons
  38. What particles are leptons?
    • Electrons
    • Muons
    • Neutrinos
  39. What forces do leptons interact with?
    • Weak interaction
    • Gravitational interaction
    • Electromagnetic interaction (if charged)
  40. What forces do hadrons interact with?
    • All four fundamental forces
    • Strong and electromagnetic interaction if charged
  41. What interaction do hadrons decay through?
    Weak nuclear force
  42. What are baryons?
    Protons and all other hadrons that decay into protons
  43. What are mesons?
    Hadrons that do not include protons in their decay products
  44. What is a kaon?
    A particle that decays into pions only
  45. What is a sigma?
    A particle that decays either in sequence or directly into protons and pions
  46. What is the quark combination for K°?
    down-anti strange
  47. What is the quark combination for K+?
    up-anti strange
  48. What is the quark combination for pi-?
    down-anti up
  49. What is the quark combination for pi°?
    • up-anti up
    • down-anti down
    • strange-anti strange
  50. What is the quark combination for pi+?
    up-anti down
  51. What is the quark combination for K-?
    strange-anti up
  52. What is the quark combination for anti K°?
    strange-anti up
  53. What is the quark combination for a proton?
    uud
  54. What is the quark combination for a neutron?
    udd
  55. What is the quark combination for a sigma particle?
    Contains a strange quark
Author
otter266
ID
318615
Card Set
Particles and Radiation
Description
Flash cards for chapter 1 AQA physics
Updated

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