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business intelligence
the use of information systems to gather and analyze data and information from internal and external sources in order to make better decisions.
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data-driven organizations
business that make decisions that can be backed up with verifiable data.
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Big Data
- characterized by three things:
- volume
- variety
- velocity
- structured vs. unstructured
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structured data
transaction data this can fit easily into spreadsheets or databases
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semistructured data
clickstreams and sensor data
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unstructured data
- audio
- video
- comment on social networks
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continuous planning process
continuous monitoring of data and continuous updates and adjustments.
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entity
- category in which you collect data about
- people
- classes etc
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in a table, a row is a
record
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in a table, a column is a
attribute
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RDBMS
- relational database management systems.
- links tables via relationships to balance efficiency of storage needs, ease of retrieval, an other factors.
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data model
map or diagram that represents entities and their relationships
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data dictionary
a document explaining several pieces of information for each attribute such as name place and date
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form
document with blanks for customer to input information.
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report
compilation of data from the database that is organized and produced in printed format
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query
used to retrieve data from a database
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SQL
- Structured Query Language
- most common language used to interface with RDBMS
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operational systems
- systems used to interact with customer and run a business in real time
- for example
- sales order processing
- reservation systems
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Online transaction processing (OLTP)
used to handle multiple concurrent transactions from customers.
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informational system
systems designed to support decision making based on stable point-in-time or historical data
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Master data
most important data
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crucial process or consolidating data from operational systems with other organizational data is
- extraction
- transformation
- loading
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data mart
more specific less data than a data warehouse
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forms of data stored in organizational databases. When businesses need the right information at the right time
- scheduled reports
- drill down reports
- exception reports
- key-indicator reports
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ad hoc queries
- queries created because of unplanned information needs that are typically not save for later use.
- decision makers frequently have information needs that are unforeseen and may never arise again.
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online analytical processing (OLAP)
process of quickly conduction complex, multidimensional analyses of data stored in a database that is optimized for retrieval.
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in memory
data stored on computers main memory instead of hard drive
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OLAP cube
allows for multidimensional data
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Data mining complements OLAP in that it provides capabilities or discovering hidden predictive relationships in the data
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Association discovery
find associations within data
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clustering
process of grouping related records together on the basis of having similar values for attributes, thus finding structure in the data
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classification
groups are known beforehand and records area segmented into these classes.
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text mining is extracting data from textual documents
web content mining extracts data from web documents
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clickstream data
recording a users path through a web site
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stickiness
attract and keep visitors
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Decision support system
system used to support a problem
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Artificial intelligence
science of enabling information technologies to simulate human intelligence.
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expert system
uses reasoning methods based on knowledge about a specific problem domain in order to provide advice.
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types of intelligent agents
- user agents
- buyer agents
- monitoring and sensing agents
- data mining agents
- web crawlers
- destructive agents
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two types of knowledge assets
explicit
tacit
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explicit knowledge assets
reflect knowledge that can be documented.
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tacit knowledge assets
reflect the processes and procedures that are located in a person's mind on how to effectively perform a particular task
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benefits and challenges of knowledge management systems
- effective deployment requires employees to agree to share their personal tacit knowledge assets
- successful deployment must first identify what knowledge is needed, why it is needed, and who is likely to have this knowledge.
- must be linked to a specific business objective
- must be easy to use
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goal of a successful knowledge management system is to facilitate the exchange of needed knowledge between islands mentioned in book.
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digital dashboards
present key performance indicators used by managers
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digital dashboards support three models
push reporting
exception reporting and alerts
pull reporting
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visual analytics
combination of various analysis of techniques and interactive visualization to solve complex problems
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geographic information system
system for creating, storing, analyzing, and managing geographically referenced information.
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