-
how to practice drift control (4)
- operate at lowest pressure by nozzle design;
- use large nozzle opening;
- use most water possible per treated area;
- spray near target
-
positively charged pesticide molecules will adsorb to _________charged clay particles
negative
-
process of the breakdown of pesticide molecules into simpler and less toxic compounds
degradation
-
Adsorption to soil in pesticides
- clay is neg charge and many pesticides are positive;
- can cause pesticide failure when in highly adsorptive soil
-
3 types of degradation
- microbial - fungi, algae eat it
- chemical - reacts with water, oxygen
- photdegradation - breakdown by sunlight
-
Runoff and pesticides (5)
- loss due to slope, moisture content of soil, presence of vegetation;
- happens with erosion or raw chemical.
-
Frequency of pesticide application can influence
microbial degradation: That is, repeated applications can actually stimulate the buildup of organisms that are effective in degrading the chemical.
-
leaching
- movement of water down through soil; more in sandy soils than clay;
- less with high adsorption;
- helps get pesticide to roots in some cases
-
the ease with which a pesticide dissolves in water
pesticide solubility
-
pesticides strongly adsorbed to soil particles are very unlikely to
leach or get into the ground water
-
ground water flows through aquifers at rates of a few ______in clay or silts to a few _______in sands
- - inches per year
- - inches per day
-
the more water soluble the pesticide, the ______ the leaching potential
greater
-
spray before bees forage ________
before dawn, after dusk, or less than 55
-
passed in 1973 to provide protection for federally listed endangered wild plants and animals
ESA: endangered species act
-
manufacturers need registration approval to market new product from
EPA
-
coordinates agencies internal review and monitor status of registration
pm
-
The future of pesticide products now channeled toward pesticides derived from
bacteria, virus fungi growth inhibitors
-
"it is a violation of federal law to use this product in a manner inconstistent with its labeling"
on every pesticide label
-
label serves as instructions and
legal measuring stick
-
most comprehensive registration is granted under
section 3 of FIFRA
-
front panel of every pesticide product must say
keep out of reach of children
-
front of container must have
signal word
-
generally, minimum protective clothing on statment
long sleeved shirt, long pants, waterproof shoes
-
2 sets of registration numbers:
- First identifies registrant
- Second represents registration issued to company by EPA
-
on label before phrase EPA EST is
establishment number to id locaton
-
for help with spills call
chemtrec 800 424 9300
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