Circulatory System Terms

Congenital anomaly.

Opening between the two atria does not close after birth.

Congenital anomaly.

• Abnormal opening in interventricular septum.
• Allows oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to mix.

Congenital Anomaly.

• Vessel between pulmonary trunk and aorta of fetus does not close.
• Blood bypasses the lungs.

Congenital Anomaly.

Abnormal opening in interatrial septum between the two atria.

Congenital Anomaly

Narrowing of the opening between R ventricle and pulmonary trunk.

Congenital Anomaly

Narrowing of lumen of aorta, usually upper descending part.

Congenital anomaly characterized by:

• Narrowing of pulmonary artery / valve
• Ventricular Septal Defect
• Overriding Aorta
• Hypertrophied L Ventricle

Congenital Anomaly

Aortic arch is on R instead of L.

Congenital Anomaly

Apex of heart points to the R, and base directed to the L.

Pahology

Clot formed within a vessel or inside the heart.

Pathology

• Inflammation of lining of a vein.
• Results in roughening of lining of the membrane.

Pathology

Predisposition of patient to have thrombus form in vein due to roughening of lining membrane of vein caused by phlebitis.

A foreign body obstructing a blood vessel.

Condition produced in an organ due to the blocking blood flow to organ being blocked.

Closure of a vessel due to spasm, embolus, degeneration of vessel wall, etc.

Blocking of one of the coronary arteries to the heart, or a branch of it.

• Bulging of the wall of a vessel due to weakness from disease of the vessel.
• Common sites are: abdominal aorta and anterior and middle cerebral arteries.

Thickening of a vessel wall with replacement of normal tissue with fibrous tissue, fat, and calcium.

• Dilated veins due to weakening of vessel walls.
• Valves cannot close properly and blood may flow in opposite direction than normal.

• Dilated veins in the anal canal.
• These frequently bleed.

Dilated veins in the lower part of esophagus which may bleed.

• Enlarged heart.
• Caused by enlargement of heart muscle tissue due to heart having to work harder to pump blood.

• Cardiac enlargement due to stretching of heart muscle fibers
• This causes heart muscle fibers to tire out and chambers to enlarge.

• Heart cannot pump blood through is circuits
• Causes abnormal accumuilation of blood in heart or tissues.

Inflammation of internal lining membrane of the heart

Inflammation of cardiac muscle

• Inflammation of pericardium
• Often with accumulation of fluid in pericardial sac

• Infarcted area of dead cardiac muscle resulting from cutting off of its blood supply.
• It is replaced by fibrous tissue in survivors.

• Thickening, deformation, shrinking and fusion of the cusps of cardiac valves due to infection or degeneration.
• Results in their inability to open and close completely.

A narrowing of an opening or canal

Failure of valve to close completely ( due to disease ) resulting in regurgitation of blood back into the chamber that it came from.

Radiography of the chambers of the heart using a contrast medium to fill them

Radiography of an artery and its branches by injection of contrast medium

Radiography of the aorta by injection of contrast medium.

Radiography of a vein and it tributaries by injection of contrast medium.

Radiography of lymphatic vessels, nodes, and ducts by injection of contrast medium.

Combined radiographic examination of heart trunk veins and / or arteries by injection of contrast medium.