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Calic/o; calyc/o
Calix; calyx
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Caliceal
Or
Calyceal
Pertaining to the calyces (calices)
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Caliectasis
Or
Calyectasis
Dilation of the calyx
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Catheter/o
Something inserted
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Catheterization
Process of inserting a flexible tube into a body cavity, such as the urinary tract, for purpose of removing fluid
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Extracorporeal
Pertaining to outside the body
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Cortic/o
Cortex; outer layer
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Cortical
Pertaining to the cortex or outer layer of the kidney
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Cystitis
Inflammation of the bladder
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Cystoscope
Instrument used to visually examine the bladder
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Cystoscopy
Process of visually examining the bladder
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Glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of he glomeruli of the kidney
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Glomerulosclerosis
Hardening of the glomerulis
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Lithotripsy
Surgical crushing of kidney stones
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Meatotomy
Process of cutting into urethral meatus
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Medullary
Pertaining to the medulla
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Nephrolithiasis
Kidney stones
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Nephrolithotomy
Process of removing stones by cutting into the kidney.
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Nephropathy
Disease of the kidney
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Nephropexy
Surgical fixation of the kidney
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Nephroptosis
Drooping kidney
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Nephrotomography
Procedure that utilizes xrays to show the renal tissue at various depths
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Hydronephrosis
Accumulation of fluid in the renal pelvis due to obstruction of normal urinary pathway
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Nephroblastoma
Malignant tumor of the kidney, usually occuring in children; also know as Wilm's tumor
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Pyel/o
Renal pelvis (dialated upper portion of ureter)
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Pyelogram
Record of ureters and kidneys, particularly
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Pyelonephritis
Inflammation of renal pelvis and kidney
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Renal hypoplasia
Underdeveloped kidney
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Trigonitis
Inflammation of the trigone
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Ureteral
Pertaining to the ureter
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Ureterectasis
Stretching of the ureters
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Ureteroileostomy
New opening between the ureter and ileum
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Ureterolith
Stone in the ureter
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Ureterostenosis
Narrowing of ureter
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Cystourethrography
Process of producing an image of the bladder and urethra using xrays. If this procedure is performed as the patient is discharging urine it is called a voiding cystourethrography
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Transurethral
Pertaining to through the urethra
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Urethrorrhagia
Hemmorrhaging from the urethra
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Urethroplasty
Surgical repair of the urethra
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Urinary
Pertaining to urine
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Ur/o
Urinary tract; urine; urination
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Uremia
Accumulation of waste products in the blood due to loss of kidney function; azotemia
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Urogram
Record of urinary tract
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Urologist
Specialist in the study of urinary system in females and the urinary and reproductive systems in males
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Vesicosigmoidostomy
New opening between bladder and sigmoid colon
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Vesicoureteral reflux
Backward flow of urine from bladder to ureter
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-lysis
Separate; breakdown; destruction
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Dialysis
Mechanical replacement of kidney function when the kidney is dysfunctional
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Urinalysis
Laboratory analysis of urine
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Anuria
No urine formation; also known as suppression
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Bacteriuria
Bacteria in urine
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Dysuria
Painful urination
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Hematuria
Blood in the urine
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Nocturia
Frequent urination at night
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Oligluria
Decreased urination
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Olig/o
Deficient; few; scanty
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Proteinuria
Excessive amounts of protein in the blood
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Incontinence
No control of excretory functions such as urination
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Polyuria
Excretion of large amounts of urine
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Polycystic kidneys
Kidneys with many cysts
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Androgenic
Producing masculinizing effects
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Balanitis
Inflammation of the glans penis
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Balanorrhea
Discharge from the glans penis
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Epididym/o
Inflammation of the epididymis
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Orchid/o; orchi/o
Testicle; testis
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Cryptorchidism
Undescended testicles
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Orichopexy
Surgical fixation of the testicle onto the scrotum
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Orchitis
Inflammation of the testicle
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Prostatitis
Inflammation of the prostate
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Prostatectomy
Excision of the prostate
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Sperm/o; spermat/o
Spermatozoa; sperm
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Aspermatogenesis
No production of spermatozoa
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Oligospermia
Deficient number of spermatozoa
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Spermatic cord
Structure extending from the inguinal canal to the testis, containing blood vessels, nerves, and vas deferens, enclosed by fibrous covering
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Spermatocidal
To kill or destroy spermatozoa; spermicidal
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Testicul/o
Testicles; testis
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Vasectomy
Excision of the vas deferens or a protion of it
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Hematocele
Accumulation of blood around the testicles
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Hydrocele
Accumulation of fluid around the testicles
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Spermatocele
Accumulation of a milky fluid in the testicles or epididymis
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Varicocele
Dilatation of testicular veins inside the scrotum
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Impotence
Inability to achieve and maintain an erection; erectile dysfunction
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Epispadias
Congenital opening of the meatus on the dorsom (top side) of the penis
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Hypospadias
Congenital opening of the meatus on the ventral (underside) of the penis
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Circumcision
Removal of the prepuce of foreskin
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Men/o
Menstruation; menses; month
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Tub/o
Tube; fallopian tube
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Versi/o
Tilting; turning; tipping
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-pause
Stoppage; cessation
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Cervic/o
Cervix; neck of uterus; cervix uteri
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Cervicitis
Inflammation of the cervix
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Cervical polyp
Growth extending from mucus membrane of cervix uteri into the uterine cavity
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Polyp
Protruding growth from mucus membranes
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Colporrhapy
Suturing of the vagina
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Colposcopy
Process of visually examining the vagina
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Culdocentesis
Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the cul-de-sac of Douglas
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Culdoscope
Instrument used to visually examine the cul-de-sac of Douglas
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Episi/o
Vulva; external genitalia; pudendum
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Episiotomy
Process of cutting the vulva, between the vagina and anus (perineum)
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Episiorrhaphy
Suturing of the vulva and perineum
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Fibr/o
Fibers; fibrous tissue
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Uterine fibroid
Benign, smooth muscle tumor of the uterus; also know as leiomyoma
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Galactorrhea
Discharge of milk from the breast after breastfeeding has stopped
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Gynecologist
Specialist in the study of diseases and treatment of the female genital tract
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Gynecology
The study of diseases and treatment of the female genital tract
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Hysterectomy
Surgical removal of the uterus through the abdomen
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Hystertomy
Process of cutting into the uterus (usually to remove the fetus)
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Labial
Pertaining to the lip
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Laparscopy
Process of visually examining the abdominal cavity
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Lactogenesis
Production and secretion of milk from the breast
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Tubal ligaition
Method of sterilization whereby the lumen of fallopian tube is blocked by tying the tube with a threadlike material
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Mammary
Pertaining to the breast
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Mammography
Xray of the breast to diagnose abnormalities that may not show up on typical physical examination
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Mammoplasty
Surgical reconstruction of the breast
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Mastectomy
Excision of the breast
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Mastopexy
Surgical fixation of the breast (preformed to improve breast shape when the breast is sagging)
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Men/o
Menses; menstruation; month
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Amenorrhea
No menstruation
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Dysmenorrhea
Painful menstruation
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Menopause
Stoppage of menstruation usually occuring at about 45-55 years of age
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Menorrhea
Normal menstruation
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Menorrhagia
Excessive uterine bleeding during menstruation
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Oligomenorrhea
Diminished or infrequent menstruation
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Menometrorrhagia
Excessive uterine bleeding during menstruation and at variable intervals
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Endometriosis
Endometrial tissue found at sites other than the uterus
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Endometrium
Inner wall of the uterus
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Metroptosis
Displacement of the uterus through the vaginal canal; uterine prolapse
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Metrorrhagia
Uterine bleeding at times other than at the regular menstrual period
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Myometrium
Muscular wall of the uterus
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Parametrium
Structures located beside the uterus such as supporting ligaments
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Perimetrium
The outermost wall o the uterus
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Oocyte
Egg cell; the developing ovum
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Ovoid
Resembling egg shape
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Oophororrhagia
Hemorrhaging from the ovary
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Ovarian cyst
Cyst formed on an ovary
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Perine/o
Perineum (area from the vulva to anus)
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Colpoperineoplasty
Surgical reconstruction of the vagina and perineum
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Perineorrhaphy
Suture of the perineum
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Salping/o
Fallopian tube; uterine tube
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Hysterosalpingectomy
Excision of the uterus and fallopian tube
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Hysterosalpingogram
Record of uterus and fallopian tube by the use of xrays after injection of contrast medium
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Salpingopexy
Surgical fixation of the fallopian tubes
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Salpingo-oophorectomy
Excision of the fallopian tubes and ovaries; may be bilateral or unilateral
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Polythelia
More than one nipple present on the breast
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Thelitis
Inflammation of nipple
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Intrauterine
Pertaining to within the uterus
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Rectouterine
Pertaining to the rectum and uterus
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Uterovesical
Pertaining to the uterus and bladder
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Vaginitis
Inflammation of the vagina
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Vaginomycosis
Fungal infection of the vagina
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Vulv/o
Vulva; external genitalia; pudendum
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Vulvectomy
Excision of the vulva
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Vulvorectal
Pertaining to the vulva and rectum
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Menarche
Beginning of the regular menstural cycle occuring at approximately 13 years of age
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Cystocele
Hernia of bladder against the vaginal wall
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Rectocele
Hernia of the rectum against the vagina wall
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Cytology
The study of cells. A cytology commonly performed is the papanicolaou smear, or pap smear, which differentiates normal cells from precancerous and cancerous cells of the cervix uteri
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Biopsy
Living tissue is excised from the body and viewed under a microscope
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-salpinx
Fallopian tube; uterine tube
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Hematosalpinx
Accumulation of blood in the fallopian tube
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Hydrosalpinx
Accumulation of a watery fluid in the fallopian tube
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Pyosalpinx
Accumlation of pus in the fallopian tube
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Anteflexion
Bending forward of a part of an organ
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Anteversion
Tilting forward of an organ
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Retroflexion
Bending back of a part of an organ
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Retroversion
Tilting backward of an organ
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Amni/o
Amnion; sac in which the fetus lies in the uterus
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Amniocentesis
Surgical puncture to withdraw or aspirate fluid from the amniotic sac for analysis
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Postnatal period
Pertaining to the period after birth (referring to newborn)
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Prenatal
Pertaining to before birth
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Ectopic pregnancy
Pregnancy occurring in a place other than the uterus, such as the fallopian tube
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Pseudocyesis
False pregnancy
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Hyperemesis gravidarum
Excessive vomiting during pregnancy
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Multigravida
A woman who has been pregnant two of more times
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Nulligravida
A woman who has never been pregnant
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Primigravida
A woman who is pregnant for the first time
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Secundigravida
A woman pregnant for the second time
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Pelvimetry
Process of measuring the dimensions of the mother's pelvis to determine if its dimensions will allow the passage of the fetus through the birth canal
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-para
To bear; give birth; part with child
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Multipara
A woman who has given birth to viable offspring two or more times
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Nullipara
A woman who has never given birth to viable offspring
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Primipara
A woman who has given birth to viable offspring for the first time
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Secundipara
A woman who has given birth to viable offspring twice
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-partum
Labor; delivery; childbirth
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Postpartum
The period after birth
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Oxytocin
Hormone secreted from the posterior pituitary that initiates uterine contractions, starting childbirth
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Pelvic ultrasonography
Visualization of organs in the pelvic area by recording high-frequency sound waves as they bounce off tissues
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