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Acromegaly
Acr/o -megaly
Enlargement of many skeletal structures, including the extremities, nose, forehead, and jaw
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Adenoma
Aden/o -oma
Benign tumor of a gland
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Adrenal/o; adren/o
Adrenal
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Adrenalectomy
Adrenal/o -ectomy
Excision of the adrenal gland
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Androgen
Andr/o -gen
Substance producing male characteristics such as the hormone testosterone
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Hypercalcemia
Hyper- calc/o -emia
Excessive amounts of calcium in the blood
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Endocrinologist
Endo- crin/o -logist
Specialist in the study of diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the endocrine glands and their hormones
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Endocrinology
Endo- crin/o -logy
The study of the diagnosis and treatment of endocrine disorders
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Estrogen
Estr/o -gen
Female sex hormones
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Glucogensis
Gluc/o -genesis
Production of sugar
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Gluconeogenesis
Gluc/o neo- -genesis
Production of sugar from fats and proteins
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Glycolysis
Glyc/o -lysis
Breakdown of sugars
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Hyperglycemia
Hyper- glyc/o -emia
Excessive amounts of sugar in the blood
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Hypoglycemia
Hypo- glyc/o -emia
Deficient amounts of sugar in the blood
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Glycogen/o
Glycogen (storage form of sugar)
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Glycogenolysis
Glycogen/o -lysis
Breakdown of glycogen to form glucose
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Gonad/o
- Gonads; sex glands
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Hypergonadism
Hyper- gonad/o -ism
Condition characterized by excessive secretion of gonadal hormones (resulting in early sexual developement)
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Gynecomastia
Gynec/o -mast -ia
Abnormal enlargement of the male breast
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Homeostasis
Home/o -stasis
A balanced, yet sometimes varying, state
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Hypoinsulinism
Hypo- insulin/o -ism
Condition characterized by decreased amounts of insulin secretion (resulting in hyperglycemia)
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Hyperkalemia
Hyper- kal/o -emia
Excessive amounts of potassium in the blood
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Hyponatremia
Hypo- natr/o -emia
Deficient amounts of sodium in the blood
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Pancreatogenic
Pancreat/o -genic
Produced by the pancreas
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Parathyroid/o
Parathyroid gland
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Hyperparathyroidism
Hyper- parathyroid/o -ism
Condition characterized by excessive secretion of parathormone (resulting in loss of calcium from the bone)
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Pituitar/o
Pituitary gland
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Panhypopituitarism
Pan- hypo- pituitar/o -ism
Condition characterized by a deficiency of all pituitary hormones (resulting in dwarfism and a deterioration of secondary sex characteristics)
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Thyr/o; thyroid/o
Thyroid gland; sheild
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Euthyroid
Eu- thyr/o -oid
Normal thyroid gland
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Hyperthyroidism
Hyper- thyroid -ism
Condition characterized by excessive secretion of the thyroid hormones (resulting in goiter, an enlarged thyroid gland, and exophthalmos, an abnormal protrusion of the eyes)
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Thyroiditis
Thyroid/o -itis
Inflammation of the thyroid gland
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Thyrotomy
Thyr/o -tomy
Process of cutting into the thyroid gland
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Ure/o
Urea (end product of protein breakdown, found in urine)
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Antidiuretic hormone
Anti- dia- ure/o -tic
A hormone the prevents the loss of excessive amounts of urine
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-assay
Analysis of a mixture to identify its content
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Radioimmunoassay
Radi/o immun/o -assay
Blood test used to identify hormonal levels in blood plasma. The hormones are labeled with radioactive substance.
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Endocrine hormones
Hormones secreted by the endocrine glands into the bloodstream
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Exocrine hormones
Glands that secrete chemicals into ducts
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Polydipsia
Poly- -dipsia
Excessive thirst
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Adenohypophysis
Aden/o hypo- -physis
Another name for anterior pituitary gland. So named because the anterior pituitary is made up of glandular tissue.
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Neurohypophysis
Neur/o hypo- physis
Another name for posterior pituitary gland. The root indicates that the posterior pituitary is made up of neural tissue.
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Adrenocorticotropic
Adren/o cortic/o -tropic
Pituitary hormone that stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce and secrete its own hormone.
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Gonadotropic hormone
Gonad/o -tropic
Pitutiary hormone that stimulates the gonads to produce and secrete their own hormones
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Somatotropic hormone
Somat/o -tropic
Pituitary hormone that stimulates growth of body tissues
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Oxytocin
Oxy- -tocin
Pituitary hormone that quickens chilbirth by causing uterine contractions
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Constrict/o
To draw together
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Angi/o
(see also vascul/o; vas/o)
Vessel
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Angiography
Angi/o -graphy
Process of recording a blood vessel using x-rays following injection of a contrast medium
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Angioplasty
Angi/o -plasty
Surgical repair of stenosed (narrowed) blood vessels
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Angiospasm
Angi/o -spasm
Sudden, involuntary contraction of a blood vessel; vasospasm
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Aortostenosis
Aort/o -stenosis
Narrowing of the aorta
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Aortotomy
Aort/o -tomy
Incision into the aorta
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Transaortic
Trans- aort/o -ic
Pertaining to across the aorta
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Arteriography
Arteri/o -graphy
Process of recording the arteries using x-rays and following injection of a contrast medium
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Arteriole
Arteri/o -ole
Small arteries
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Arteriosclerosis
Arteri/o -sclerosis
Hardening of the arteries (due to the loss of elasticity of the arterial walls)
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Arteriostenosis
Arteri/o -stenosis
Narrowing of an artery
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Endarterectomy
Endo- arteri/o -ectomy
Removal of the inner lining of the arterial wall
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Ather/o
Fatty Debris; fatty plaque
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Atheroma
Ather/o -Oma
Fatty mass or debris
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Atherosclerosis
Ather/o -sclerosis
Accumulation of fatty debris on the inner wall; a type of arteriosclerosis
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Atherectomy
Ather/o -ectomy
Excision or removal of fatty debris (from an arterial wall)
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Atri/o
Atrium (upper chamber o the heart)
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Interartrial septum
Wall between the atria
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Cardiologist
Specialist in the study of the diagnosis and treatment of heart disease and disorders
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Cardiology
The study of the heart, including the diagnosis and treatment of heart disorders
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Cardiomegaly
Cardi/o -megaly
Enlarged heart
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Electrocardiogram
Record of the electrical activity of the heart
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Myocardial
My/o cardi/o -al
Pertaining to the heart muscle
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Cardiomyopathy
Cardi/o my/o -pathy
Disease of the heart muscle
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Pancarditis
Pan- cardi/o -itis
Inflammation of all the walls of the Heart
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Pericarditis
Inflammation of the pericardium
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Pericardium
Structure surrounding the heart
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Coronary arteries
The arteries that supply the heart with blood
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Echocardiogram
Record of the heart produced by high-frequency sound waves
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Embolus
A plug of clotted blood that is transported through the bloodstream by the blood current
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Myocardial ischemia
My/o cardi/o -al Isch/o -emia
A hold back of blood to the heart muscle
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Phlebothrombosis
Phleb/o thromb/o -osis
Abnormal condition of clots in a vein
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Thrombophlebitis
Thromb/o phleb/o -itis
Inflammation of a vein with clot formation
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Arrhythmia
A- rhythm/o -ia
Deviation from the normal heart rhythm
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Sclerotherapy
Injection of a solution into a vein for the purpose of destroying the vein's inner lining by hardening.
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Thrombus
A blood clot that obstructs a blood vessel
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Valvuloplasty
Valvul/o -plasty
Surgical repair of a valve
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Varic/o
Twisted and swollen
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Varicose veins
Twisted, swollen superficial veins, typically of the saphenous vein o the lower leg
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Avascular
A- vascul/o -ar
Pertaining to no blood vessels
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Cerebrovascular accident
Disturbance in the flow of blood to one or more parts of the brain; commonly know as a stroke
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Extravasation
Extra- vas/o -ion
Escape of fluid into the surroinding tissue; for example, the escape of blood from a blood vessel into the surrounding tissue
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Vasoconstriction
Vas/o constrict/o -ion
Narrowing of a vessel; vasospasm
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Vasodilation
Vas/o dilat/o -ion
Widening of the vessel; angiectasis
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Venous
Ven/o -ous
Pertaining to a vein
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Venule
Ven/o -ule
Small vein
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Ventricul/o
Ventricle (lower chamber of the heart)
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Interventricular septum
Pertaining to the wall between ventricles
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-ectasis
Dilation; dilatation; stretching
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Angiectasis
Angi/o -ectasis
Dilation of a blood vessel; vasodilation
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Bradycardia
-Brady cardi/o -ia
Slow heartbeat
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Tachycardia
-tachy cardi/o -ia
Fast heartbeat
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Poikil/o
Variation; irregular
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-edema
Accumulation of fluid
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-plastic
Pertaining to formation
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Hyperchromia
Hyper- chrom/o -ia
Excessive pigmented red blood cells above normal
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Hypochromia
Hypo- chrom/o -ia
Under-pigmented red blood cells
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Normochromia
Norm/o chrom/o -ia
Normally pigmented red blood cells
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Erythrocyte
Erythr/o -cyte
Red blood cell
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Hemolysis
Hem/o -lysis
Breakdown of blood
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Hematologist
Specialist in the study of blood and blood disorders
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Hematology
Study of blood and blood disorders
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Leukocyte
White blood cell
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Myelogenous
Produced by the bone marrow
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Myeloid
Resembling bone marrow
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Reticulocyte
A young red blood cell characterized by a network of granules with the cell membrane
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Thrombocyte
Clotting cell; platelet
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Thrombolysis
Breakdown of a clot that has formed in the blood
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Thrombosis
Blood clot; abnormal condition of clot formation
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Hemocytoblast
Immature blood cell
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Lymphoblast
Immature lymphocyte, type of white blood cell
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Monoblast
Immature monocyte, type of white blood cell
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Hematocrit
A laboratory tesy that determines the percentage of erythrocytes in a blood sample
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-cytosis
Increase in the number of cells
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Anisocytosis
Increased variation in the size of cells, particularly red blood cells
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Leukocytosis
Marked increase in the number of white blood cells
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Poikilocytosis
Increased variation in the shape of cells, particularly red blood cells
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Anemia
Lack of red blood cells or hemoglobin content in the blood
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Erythremia
Abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells
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Hyperbilirubinemia
Hyper- bilirubin/o -emia
Above normal levels of bilirubin in the blood
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Hypercholesterolemia
Hyper- cholesterol/o -emia
Above normal levels of cholesterol in the blood
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Hyperlipidemia
Hyper- lipid/o -emia
Above normal levels of fats in the blood
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Leukemia
Malignant increase in the number of white blood cells in the blood; considered a form of cancer
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-penia
Deficient; decrease
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Erythrocytopenia
Erythr/o cyt/o -penia
Decrease in the number of red blood cells; erythropenia
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Leukocytopenia
Leuk/o cyt/o -penia
Decrease in the number of white blood cells; leukopenia
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Pancytopenia
Pan- cyt/o -penia
Decrease in the number of all blood cells
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Thrombocytopenia
Thromb/o cyt/o -penia
Decrease in the number of clotting cells; thrombopenia
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-phoresis
Transmission; carry
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Electrophoresis
A laboratory test in which substances in a mixture, usually proteins, are separated by an electrical current
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-poiesis
Production; manufacture; formation
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Erythropoiesis
Erythr/o -poiesis
Production of red blood cells
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Hematopoiesis
Hemat/o -poiesis
Production of blood cells
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-poietin
Hormones regulating the production of various cell types
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Erythropoietin
Erythr/o -poietin
A hormone in the kidneys that stimulates the production of red blood cells
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-stasis
Stoppage; controlling
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Hemostasis
Hem/o -stasis
Stoppage of blood
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Immunodeficiency
Inadequate immune response
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Immunology
Study of the immune system; study of how the body responds to foreign substances
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Lymphadenitis
Lymphaden/o -itis
Inflammation of the lymph nodes
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Lymphadenopathy
Lymphaden/o -pathy
Disease (particularly enlargement) of lymph nodes
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Lymphangi/o
Lymph vessels
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Lymphangiography
Lymphangi/o -graphy
Process of recording the lymph vessels by the use of x-rays, following injection of a contrast medium
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Lymphangitis
Lymphangi/o -itis
Inflammation of the lymph vessels
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Lymphedema
Lymph/o -edema
Accumulation of interstitial fluid due to obstruction of lymphatic structures
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Lymphoma
Lymph/o -oma
Tumor of lymphatic structures
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Splenomegaly
Splen/o -megaly
Enlargement of the spleen
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Splenorrhagia
Splen/o -rrhagia
Hemorrhage from spleen
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Splenorrhaphy
Splen/o -rrhaphy
Suture of spleen
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Hemithymectomy
Hemi- thym/o -ectomy
Excision of half the thymus gland
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Autoimmune disease
Auto- -immune
An immune response to one's own body tissue; destruction of one's own cells by the immune system
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-stitial
Pertaining to a place
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Interstitial fluid
Fluid placed or lying between the tissue spaces
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