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liquid flowables - L, F
- L, F; like wettable powders but the powder, dispersing agents, & wetting agents, are mixed with water before packaging
- no inhalation hazard during mixing; can settle out
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microencapsulates -M, ME
M, ME; consist of a solid or liquid(containing an active ingredient) surrounded by a plastic or starch coating
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encapsulation enhances applicator safety and provides _____. Liquid forms form _______ in spray tank
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emulsifiable concentrates -E, EC
E, EC; oil soluble active ingredient dissolved in an appropriate oil based solvent to which an emulsifying agent is added
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emulsifiable concentrates are mixed with water and applied as ___________
spray
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emulsifiable concentrates allow ___________ to be sprayed in water as carrier
oil soluble active ingredients
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emulsifiable concentrates disadvantages (5)
- dermal hazard penetrate skin;
- odor problem;
- burn foliage;
- damage rubber and plastic parts;
- need to be agitated
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solutions
- water soluble active ingredients dissolved in water.
- require no agitation after thoroughly dissolved
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solutions are not ________to equipment
abrasive
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solutions disadvantages
some that are produced as dissolved salts can be caustic to skin
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RTU
ready to use; no mixing involved
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ULV
ultra low volume, concentrates used in specialty situations (space spraying and fogging)
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problems with ULV (3)
- dermal hazard during mixing and loading because of high concentration of active ingredient;
- drift potential;
- inhalation
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aerosols
moves the active ingredient in form of a mist of very small particles
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fumigants
form of a gas; most hazardous because of extreme inhalation danger
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reading labels: Tempo 20WP; Pendulum 3.3EC
- 20 % active ingredient, wettable powder;
- Emulsifiable concentrate with 3.3 pounds of active ingredient per gallon
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synergists
chemicals that can boost the pesticidal activity of active ingredient
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common example of a synergist
piperonyl butoxide
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adjuvants
any compound that facilitates the action of pesticides or modifies characteristics of pesticide formulations or spray solutions.
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3 kinds of adjuvants
- - activator adjuvants (wetting agents)
- - spray modifier agents (stickers, foams)
- - utility modifiers (emulsifiers, anti foam)
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