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a solution cannot be mechanically ________
separated
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suspension
a mixture of finely divided solid particles dispersed in a liquid
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most suspensions will have this appearance
cloudy
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spike 80w is formulated as a wettable powder and forms a _______when mixed with water for application
suspension
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emulsion
a mixture that occurs when one liquid is dispersed (as droplets) in another liquid.
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emulsions will have this appearance and will need this to keep from separating
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formulation selection 6 concerns
- applicator saftey
- environmental concern
- pest biology
- available equipment
- surfaces to be protected
- cost
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solid formulations are divided into 2 groups
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solid formulation that are ready to use and those to be mixed with water
- ready to use - dusts, granules, pellets
- mixed with water - wettable powders, dry flowables, soluble powders
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dusts -D
- D; manufactured by the sorption of an active ingredient onto a finely ground, solid inert such as talc, clay, or chalk
- excellent coverage, but inhalation and drift hazard
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dust no longer used in
large scale outdoor situation, drift hazard
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granules -G
- G; similar to dusts but active ingredient is sorbed onto a larger particle ( clay, sand, or plant material)
- low inhalation and dermal hazard
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drawback to granules
- bulk
- handling
- uniform
- application
- attractive to birds
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granules are applied_______and intended for
dry, soil
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pellets -P, PS
- P, PS; similar to granules, but active ingredient is combined with inert materials.
- uniform in size and shape
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pellets are typically used in
spot applications with high degree of safety for user; but can roll downhill
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wettable powders -W, WP
- W, WP; finely divided solids, typically mineral clays, to which an active ingredient is sorbed
- add water and spray
- require agitation
- can plug up the works
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dry flowables aka dispersible granules -DF
DF; manufactured like wettable powders but the powder is aggregated in the granular particles
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water dispersable granules; WDG
- soluble powders; not common
- mixed with water in spray tank where they dissolve and form a true solution prior to spraying
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liquid formulations (4 types)
- liquid flowables
- microencapsulates
- emulsifiable concentrates
- solutions
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