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What are the pull factors for living in the UK? (8)
- Job opportunities
- Education to a high level
- Better infrastructure
- Equal opportunities
- Democratic government
- Support of EU
- Health Care available
- No conflict
- High GDP per capita
- Little natural disaster risk
- Western lifestyle is attractive
- Easier to get into compared to other EU countries
- Not an extreme climate
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Why might a person leave their country of origin to come to the UK? (6)
- War/conflict
- Lack of job opportunity
- Natural disaster or environmental hazard such as drought
- Surrounded by religion or identity they don't identify with
- Low GDP per capita
- Poor education
- No/little health care
- Political instability
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Define: Multicultural society
Several different ethnic, racial, religious or cultural groups co-existing in harmony with the same society
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Define: ethnic segregation
Clustering together of people with similar ethnic or cultural characteristics into separate (usually) urban residential areas
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Define: Asylum seeker
Someone who has fled their home country to find a safe place elsewhere. An asylum applicant must be able to demonstrate a well founded fear of persecution for reasons of political opinion, religion, ethnicity, race/nationality, or membership of a particular social group
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What is xenophobia?
irrational fear of people from other countries
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Why are some people in the UK against the idea of a multi-cultural society?
- Migrants do not integrate, they cluster
- May bring extremist ideas
- Lose original national identity
- Contrasting ideas about equality
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What are the benefits of a multi-cultural society?
- Prevents people from being intolerant to other nationalities/religions
- Fills in undesirable but essential jobs
- Balances the demographic of an ageing population
- Contributes taxes (migrants tend to be economically active)
- Enhances the status of the UK education system
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Why have different groups of people come to the UK in the past?
- 1950s-1960s Indian people escaping poverty and seeking work
- Enlargement of the EU enabling people from Poland etc to move to UK for work
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What is assimilation of a society?
Ethnic groups integrate into wider society. They begin to influence the dominant culture, developing it over time and cultural fusion occurs (melting pot idea)
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What is pluralism?
Ethnic groups integrate into society, but retain their own culture whilst adopting the dominant culture. People have multiple identities. Ethnic groups live alongside the indigenous population.
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What is cultural balkanisation?
Ethnic groups do not integrate into wider society, they retain their own culture and reject the dominant culture.
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When is pluralism of two groups of people likely to occur?
- When they come from countries of similar history
- Countries have strong original identity
- Open minded countries
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When is balkanisation likely to occur?
- Between two groups that do not have a language that is in any way similar
- Different culture
- Large numbers of one community in one area (the feeling there is no need to integrate)
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When is assimilation likely to occur in a society?
As second and subsequent generations lose their parents' heritage and are exposed to new lifestyles
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What economic issues are related to the UK's multicultural society?
- The cost of state benefits can cause resentment and racial intolerance
- Employment of migrants is rising whilst UK nationals is falling
- Wide disparity between economic performance between and within nationalities
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What housing issues are related to the UK's multicultural society?
- Multiple occupancy of rented accomodation in inner city areas is widespread
- Ethnic minorities less successful in securing mortgages/loans
- Geographical segregation still present
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What educational issues are related to the UK's multicultural society?
- Educational requirements for language might not be met = need for special English lessons
- Holiday patterns, school timetables and school meals have been modified to reflect ethnic mix of that area
- Variation in educational attainment of ethnic minorities shows that Indian and Chinese students out-perform UK ones
- The gap between black and white students is closing to 7.2% points in 2013
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What healthcare issues are related to the UK's multicultural society?
- A lack of resistance to childhood diseases among the children of newly arrived immigrants, fears about immunisation
- Many ethnic minority groups live in inner-city areas where there is a higher concentration of communicable diseases = greater health care cost
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What percentage of the NHS workforce is non-British? (2014)
20%
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What language issues are related to the UK's multicultural society?
- Immigrants may not be able to speak English
- Nearly 1 in 5 people in London speak English as a second language
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What religious issues are related to the UK's multicultural society?
- Religious friction between two groups
- Fear forms radical groups of UK citizens against religions such as Islam (such as Britain First)
- Extremists in the UK
- People are unlikely to change their religion/beliefs making this the longest lasting issue in society
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What are the top 3 origin countries of migrants in the UK?
- 1. India
- 2. Poland
- 3. Pakistan
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