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What are the three functions of the lymphatic system?
- Fluid recovery- Aids reabsorption of fluid from tissues back into bloodstream
- Immunity- As fluid is moved back towards the bloodstream, immune cells are picked up from lymph nodes to activate protective immune response.
- Lipid absorption- Lymphatic vessels in the small intestine (lacteals) absorb additional dietary lipids
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_______ is a clear, colorless fluid similar to blood plasma (but low in protein) that may also contain macrophages, hormones, bacteria, viruses, cellular debris or traveling cancer cells.
Lymph
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What are the six types of lymphatic cells?
- 1- Natural killer cells (NK cells)
- 2- T lymphocytes (T cells)
- 3- B lymphocytes (B cells)
- 4- Macrophages
- 5- Dendritic cells
- 6- Reticular cells
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What is the function of NK cells (natural killer cells)?
responsible for immune surveillance and attack and destroy bacteria, transplanted tissue and host cells that have become infected
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What is the function of T cells?
Dependent on thymic hormones.
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What is the function of B cells?
These mature in bone marrow and secrete antibodies
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What is the function of macrophages?
Phagocytize and alert immune cells to presence of the enemy.
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What is the function of dendritic cells?
Alert immune system to presence of harmful cells and work as receptor mediated endocytosis
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_____ are patches of lympathic tissue located at the entrance to the the pharynx
Tonsils
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What is the body's largest lymphatic organ?
The spleen!
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What is the difference between red and white pulp?
Red pulp has erythrocytes and white pulp has lymphocytes and macrophages.
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What are the three lines of defense for the body against pathogens?
1- First line of defense: external barriers such as skin and mucous membranes
2- Second line of defense: Leukocytes and macrophages, antimicrobial proteins, immune surveillance, inflammation and fever.
3- Third line of defense: immune system that creates memory of pathogens.
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What are interferons?
Proteins secreted by leukocytes when they are infected with viruses
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What is febrile and pyrexia?
Fever!
This results from trauma, infection, drug reactions, brain tumors, and temperature.
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What are three benefits of pyrexia?
- 1- promotes interferon activity
- 2- elevates metabolic rate and accelerates tissue repair
- 3- inhibits reproduction of bacteria/virus reproduction
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How do aspirin and ibuprofen reduce fever?
By inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.
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What are the three general purposes of inflammation? What are the four cardinal signs?
- A) Three general purposes:
- Limit spread of pathogens, remove debris of damaged tissue, initiate tissue repair
- B) Four cardinal signs:
- Redness, swelling, heat and pain
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Redness, swelling, heat and pain are the four cardinal signs of what?
Inflammation
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What are two characteristics that separate immunity from non-specific resistance?
Specificity and Memory
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What is the difference between humoral (antibody-mediated) and cellular (cell-mediated) immunity?
Humoral- Doesn't destroy a pathogen but tags them for destruction
cellular- lymphocytes directly attack and destroy foreign cells/ diseased host cells
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What is the difference between active and passive immunity?
Active immunity is when the body makes its own antibodies/T cells to fight pathogens.
Passive immunity is when the body acquires immunity from a different source.
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What is an antigen?
A molecule that triggers an immune response
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