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What is hepatitis?
it is an inflammation of the liver; you may or may not have an infection (ex: ethanol)
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What is hep caused by?
a viral infection that may take you from healthy--> inflamed liver--> chronic--> cirrhosis--> possibly cancer
the reason is because it can worsen other symtpoms
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How similar are Hep viruses?
they are indistinguishable from clinical symptoms
antigenic properties must be used to distinguish them
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Types of Hep
- A and B are most common
- - A: enteric; transmitted fecal-orally
- - B: serum hep; not fecal-oral; transmitted through blood contact
- C, D, and E are pretty major
- - D needs B to be able to infection
- --> D can replicate only in cells infected with hep B virus, since it borrows the hep B surface proteins to package and form an envelope around its own capsid
- C is the most concerning right now
- - incidence is going up; causes severity of disease
- - originally called "non-A, non-B"
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Hep A is an __ that is transmitted __.
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Location of Hep A
- in areas with poor sanitation
- --> poses a potential and worldwide problem
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Virion
Naked icosahedral capsid (T=1)
linear + ssRNA with VPg covalently bound to the 5' end and a poly(A) tail bound to the 3' end
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Hepatitis A virus is a __ that causes __--> it has the same genome organization; same basic life cycle in how it is transmitted between hosts
- picornavirus
- acute liver disease
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How does Hep A enter the body?
in throguh tainted water or food-> GI tract-> intestines-> crosses into blood-> anemia-> gets to liver-> out through bile and shed in stool
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Hep A is __ in terms of its presence in the environment.
very stable
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Hep A does not __.
inhibit host cell protein or RNA synthesis and does not produce observable cytopathic effects during infection of cells in culture
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Out of all viruses, with Hep A, you will have an __ infection.
Explain.
- acute but resolving
- the incubation period is a couple of weeks but nothing happens.
- 2-6 weeks: shed in feces
- 5 weeks: antibody response
- months later: out of your system
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Out of all viruses, with Hep A, you will have an __ infection.
Explain.
- acute but resolving
- the incubation period is a couple of weeks but nothing happens.
- 2-6 weeks: shed in feces
- 5 weeks: antibody response
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How is Hep A spread?
by direct contact with infected individual and by contamination of food or water
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What are the icteric symptoms of Hep A?
hepatitis jaundice
after a couple of weeks, its out of your system
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Icteric phase of Hep A?
- incubation
- prodromal: appearance of symptoms
- icteric: jaundice
- convalescent: resolution is low
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Treatments?
- not many if you have the disease
- none or few of us have had hepatitis. There are a number of inactivated vaccines available
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Vaccine series of Hep A
similar to inactivated polio virus
tend to be virus particles infected with chemicals so they are no longer infectious--> inactivated
some are in tissue culture systems
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After we get polio under control, we can start working on Hep A.
In regards to its transmission, ?
Hep A over here is attained through travel. It does not seem to be indigenous to the area
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